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Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Crop Pests in Autumn and Winter
The plant protection work in northern Xinjiang should adhere to the principle of comprehensive prevention and control. The source of pest control is an important part of comprehensive prevention and control. The source of disinsection in autumn and winter is the best period and the most critical period for the source of disinsection. First, the importance of comprehensive pest control Crop pests do not rely on which season, nor on which year, nor is it a single way or means to completely control, comprehensive prevention means the use of effective measures to reduce the population base, Keep its degree of harm within the allowable range. II. Advantages of comprehensive prevention and control in autumn and winter season Crops in northern Xinjiang are once a year, and the occurrence of pests has obvious periodicity and seasonality. From the viewpoints of ecological, economic, and social benefits, it is most effective to choose the best stage for controlling pests. Economic approach. It is generally planted in early May and harvested in early November. It is followed by a long winter season. It is covered by heavy snow, and the climate is very cold. All kinds of pests have been fully adapted in the long-term and harsh natural environment and have formed their own unique laws of survival. The degree of harm mainly depends on the number of insect populations. Therefore, adopting a safer, more economical and scientific method to reduce the number of insect pests in farmland pests is the basic and most effective method for comprehensive pest control. Production practice proves that the prevention and control of pests in the autumn and winter of the year is well established and the plant protection work has laid a good foundation. The advantages are as follows: 1. During this period, the crop pests all become the incubation period in the form of metamorphosis, have a fixed position, do not spread, and facilitate the central elimination. 2. Combining agricultural activities, using conventional methods such as: Qingnian, winter plowing, winter irrigation, etc., can achieve a multiplier effect without increasing input. For example, if the autumn plowing can reduce 30% of cotton leafhoppers, winter irrigation can reduce cotton fields. More than 70% of cotton leafhoppers, especially for completely metamorphic pests, such as cotton bollworm, ground tiger, etc., killing effect is better. 3. Targeted pesticides can be selected for killing, which is not only effective but also does not pollute the environment. Such as indoor flowers, use carbofuran, iron extinction covert application, can effectively control aphids, leafhopper pests. 4. Technology is simple, easy to operate, everyone hands-on, unified command. III. Major pests and overwintering habits in northern Xinjiang 1. Cotton leafhopper This insect does not cause harm to cotton after September. It no longer lays eggs in early October, and individuals with diapause have orange-colored fertilized females. Gradually entered wintering sites and gradually passed winter. Overwintering sites 1 Weedy roots, with dicotyledonous weeds, such as convolvulus, alfalfa, clover, dandelion and so on. 2 Inside and outside the farmland, under the litter layer of the land and forest. 3 in the top and bottom soil layers inside and outside the farmland. 4 indoor flowers, such as mulberry peony, rubber tree, Milan and Other plants. 2. Aphis gossypium This worm produces male and female fleas at the end of autumn, mating and laying eggs for winter. Cotton aphids occur in our district every year from 30 to 40 generations (of which 2-3 generations in late autumn and 5-10 generations in winter). Wintering sites 1 greenhouses, greenhouses, residential buildings indoor winter, host plants Fusang, March 7, pomegranates, moon red, chrysanthemum and other types. 2 Cabbage, Lotus white, etc. stored in the vegetable kiln are places where winter cotton aphids accumulate. 3. The occurrence of cotton bollworm in northern Xinjiang is on the rise, and the number of populations varies from less to more. The cotton bollworm not only harms cotton, but also seriously damages corn, tomato, pepper and so on. H. armigera occurs in the northern Xinjiang for 3 generations a year, and the hazard period is the second generation. The time is from mid-July to mid-August. The bollworm is wintering at a depth of 2-5 cm in the soil. There is a loose, small soil package in the overwintering area and it is buried in its lower hole. In the field soil, more wintering crickets occur. Above the water line, the density of overwintering is high. Cotton field, corn and vegetable fields are the main wintering sites for cotton aphids. 4. In the northern Xinjiang, the ground tiger has yellow-earthed tigers, police-patterned ground tigers, quagmire tigers, landless tigers, and small ground tigers. The dominant species is the yellow tiger. It occurs in 2-3 generations a year, which mainly harms cotton, corn, sugar beets, wheat, melons, and many vegetables. Yellow tigers spend their winters in the soil with mature larvae. Wintering sites are mostly in early sowing winter wheat fields, winter vegetable fields, alfalfa fields, corn fields and cotton fields. The highest density is when wintering on the sunny side of Tajiri. 5. Cotton Blindness The northern part of the northern part of the cotton area is mainly blind grasshoppers and blind cockroaches. The dominant species is Pheasant, which occurs three generations a year. It mainly harms the young cotton buds, from yellow to black, and falls off after three days. Moderate occurrence of cotton can produce budless cotton plants with a production reduction of more than 30%. The cotton cocoon is adult in the cracks in the bark and under the weeds, litter, and earth seams. 6. Corn borer This insect mainly damages corn, millet, sorghum, rice, and cotton. It occurs once a year in northern Xinjiang. Maize tadpoles are overwintering with mature larvae in the cob or root of the host straw. After many years of verification, the wintering base number of corn borer is large, the amount of eggs in the field and the number of damaged plants is high, and the overwintering base number is in direct proportion to the residual amount of host straw and cobs and the amount of overwintering insects in the culm. When the damage is severe, the intermittent culm rate in the corn field can reach more than 50%, which will seriously affect the yield and economic benefit of the corn. 7. Beet Weevil This worm is a dominant species in northern Xinjiang. Adult larvae damage the young stems of young leaves of sugar beet seedlings. Beet weevil is adult in the soil 15-30 cm deep winter, beet land on both sides of the channel and saline-alkali wasteland, are winter beet sites. 8. The spring ulnar warbler is a farmland forest belt pest, which mainly affects eucalyptus, poplar, willow, and apple trees, and also harms cotton. Northern Xinjiang produces one generation each year. In mid-March each year, it breeds, mates, and lays eggs to hatch. From April to May, it eats leaves in torrents. In late May, people make hay and spend the summer in the ground. The spring beetle lives in a depth of 5 cm deep in the soil, from the end of May to the beginning of March in the coming year, and lasts for 280 days. The insect generally spends winters in the forest and in the soil around the trees, especially in the loose soil of the forest belt. The density of crickets is greater. 9. The main pests of the northern Xinjiang crops are mostly overwintering with mature larvae, adults, and pupa. The overwintering sites can be classified into four types. A. Under the bark, trees, crop residues and weeds. B. Under soil and in earth seams. C. Crop stalks and cobs. D. Greenhouse vegetables, vegetable vines, and living room flowers. Fourth, adopt the following comprehensive prevention and control measures for the survival methods and places of crop pests, combined with the climate characteristics of the region. Can be summarized as: Qing, cultivating, flooding, flooding, freezing, mechanical killing, chemical control. 1. After the crop is harvested, the pastoral area should be cleaned and all debris and surrounding weeds must be carefully treated so that no pests are kept. 2. To improve the quality of autumn farming, damage pests wintering sites, winter irrigation of farmland and forest belts, improved saline-alkali land, irrigation and water shortages, suffocation of underground overwintering pests and physiological freezing injury, to drown and freeze overwintering pests. 3. The shovel should be fully shovelled before it is frozen. 4. The effective treatment of crop stalks, especially the comminution of corn stalks, can not only greatly reduce the number of corn larvae, but also accelerate the material circulation and make full use of resources. 5. To persist in the greenhouse and the flowers in the house during the winter, it is usually at the end of autumn and once before and after the Spring Festival. The specific method is to plant 15% iron granules 0.1-0.5 g or carbamazine granules 1-5 g in a pot at a distance of 5 cm from the plant. It is also possible to collect natural predators such as ladybirds and insects in greenhouses and houses in the autumn to treat insects with insects.