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Distinction and Prevention of Physiological Acute Wilt and Blight of Watermelon
First, the symptoms of distinction 1. Physiological symptoms of acute wilting. It usually occurs early in harvest. In the early stages, the leaves of the diseased plants wilted during the day, recovered slightly at night, and aggravated after 3-4 days, causing the whole plant to wither. With the exception of withered leaves, the other changes were small, with no obvious changes in roots and stems, obstruction of vascular bundles, and no visible pathogens. 2. Fever symptoms. It can take place throughout the entire growing period, from flowering to the most serious result. The incidence of seedlings, fibrous roots decreased, withered yellow, lodging dead. The diseased plants became infected. The leaves gradually wilted from the bottom up, wilted during the early days and recovered at night. The base of the stem began to appear yellowish-green and immersed in water. There were long spots, sometimes white to pink moldy, near the roots. Stem browning, brown vascular bundles, can be detected wilt pathogens. Second, the reasons 1. Causes of physiological acute wilting. (1) It is related to the stock of rootstocks. The watermelon with rootstock as the rootstock is easy to occur, and the watermelon with pumpkin or wax gourd as rootstock is not easy to occur. (2) The graft joint surface is too small. (3) Improperly sitting and pruning. Generally sitting too much, excessive pruning. (4) The soil temperature is too high or too low. 2. The cause of wilt disease. The pathogens invade from the roots and then enter the vascular bundle conduit. They develop in the catheter, destroy the cells and block the catheter, causing the leaves to quickly wilt and the whole plant to die of yellow. Especially in continuous cloudy and rainy days, with heavy rainfall and heavy soil, low-lying land, poor drainage, and poorly managed continuous cropping, the incidence is heavy; followed by partial Application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus and potassium are insufficient, the application of unripe organic fertilizer with bacteria, and the harmfulness of underground pests. Heavy, are easy to induce the disease. Third, control methods 1. Physiological treatment of acute wilting. (1) Use pumpkin and winter melon as rootstock. (2) The grafted joint should be reasonable. (3) Avoid leaving too much guava: (4) Ensure sufficient number of leaves when pruning. (5) Avoid soil temperature is too high or too low. In the low-temperature protection area, after the shade is over, the grass should be covered with yin and grasshoppers, and the plants should gradually adapt to the normal management. 2. Wilt disease control methods. (1) Implement rotation for more than 7 years. Promote rotation of watermelon and corn or crop rotation: (2) Use resistant varieties or use grafted cultivation. (3) Before sowing, seeds are soaked in warm water of 55°C for 10 minutes or soaked in 50% carbendazim 500 times for 1 hour. After washing, seeds are soaked and germinated. Use 50% carbendazim, 70% thiophanate-methyl, 1 kg finely mixed soil per 1/15 hectare (1 mu) of medicinal powder and apply it to the planting trench. (4) Strengthen management. Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and trace elements, improve plant resistance to disease. Organic fertilizer must be cooked to avoid injury. Remove diseased plants in the field, properly irrigated, and drain in time. (5) Chemical control. In the early stage of disease, use 2% agricultural anti-120 water agent 100-200 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times, or 10% double effect Ling 200-300 times irrigate root, 200-250 ml per plant , irrigation once every 7-10 days, even irrigation 2-3 times. In the initial fruit set, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP can be used 500-600 times, or 77% can be used to kill WP 400-600 times, or 10% World High-water Dispersible Granule 800 times.