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Occurrence and Control of Major Diseases of Cherry
First, perforation. Perforation diseases are common bacterial perforation and fungal brown spotting. In recent years, there has been a trend of increase in various places. Perforation causes a large number of deciduous trees. In severe cases, the shoots die, the yield decreases, and flower bud formation is affected. 1. Symptoms: (1) Bacterial perforation. The main damage to the leaves, the first water-translucent translucent light brown lesions, after the development of dark brown, surrounded by a light yellow halo of the lesion, the edge of a crack, the lesion off the formation of perforation or a part of the leaf connected. (2) Perforation of brown spots. When the leaves begin to develop, there are small purple spots with large needles, which later expand and combine with each other to become round brown lesions, 1-5 mm in diameter, with black spots on the lesions, and finally the lesions shrink and form perforations after detachment. . The onset is usually from May to June, peaking from August to September, causing early defoliation and affecting the annual output. 2. Control methods: (1) Combine pruning in winter to completely remove litter and fruit, reduce the source of overwintering bacteria; easy to accumulate water, and tree branches are prosperous in orchards; pay attention to drainage; trimmed dense branches, drooping branches, and mop when pruning Branches, improve ventilation and light transmission conditions; increase organic fertilizers, avoid partial nitrogen fertilizers, and increase disease resistance. (2) Control of pesticide application. Spraying 4-5 degrees lime sulfur before germination of fruit trees; 50-100 mg/litre of streptomycin for bacterial perforation; 70% thiophanate-methyl wettability for fungal plaque blasting Powder 1000 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 800 times. In severely diseased orchards, it is necessary to prevent disease. Spray 1-2 times with 70% mancozeb 600 times or 75% chlorothalonil 500-800 times, or 3% chlorhexaine wettable powder after spraying. 1000 times liquid. Second, root nodules 1. Symptoms: Occur mainly at the neck and large roots, and sometimes also at the lateral roots. The main symptoms are the formation of tumors of varying sizes and shapes in the roots. The early onset was white, smooth surface, gradually turned dark brown, uneven surface, cauliflower-like. After cherry infection, the light grows slowly, the tree vigor is weakened, and the ability drops. 2. Control methods: (1) Loose, well-drained, slightly acidic sandy loam should be selected to avoid planting in old orchards of heavy crops, especially in the old cherry orchards and not in peach orchards; (2) Select roots when introducing Tumor-free saplings and minimize mechanical damage; (3) Root saplings that are likely to have root-canker disease are rooted 30 times before rooting or 2-4 times as root-cancer-resistant; (4) on diseased plants Dig out in time and burn it to prevent transmission. 3. Glue Disorder 1. Symptoms: Main damage to the cherry trunk and main branch, usually occurring from April to October, swelling at the branches or wounds of the early branches, and yellow-white translucent mucus; cortex and xylem becoming brown Decay has caused the tree vigor to weaken, and branches have died when severe. 2. Causes of morbidity: (1) Flowing gums are caused by wounds caused by branch diseases, insect pests, frost damage, and mechanical injuries; (2) Flows are caused by excessive trimming, improper fertilization, excessive water, and poor physical and chemical properties of the soil, resulting in imbalance of the physiological metabolism of the tree and causing flow. glue. 3, control methods. (1) Increase organic fertilizers, increase tree vigor, prevent drought, flooding, and freezing damage; (2) Do a good job of prevention and control of pests and diseases to avoid causing excessive wounds; (3) Winter shears should be carried out before the sap flows, and in the summer, the larger saw cuts should be reduced as much as possible. (4) It is necessary to scrape off the glue in time and then apply the medicine to protect it. The commonly used agents are 50% tetromycin 1 part + 50% suspended sulfur 5 parts + water into a mixture, or use lime 10 parts + lime sulfur 1 part + salt 2 parts + vegetable oil 0.3 parts + water into a mixture. Fourth, brown rot 1. Symptoms: The main damage to flowers and fruits, causing flower rot and fruit rot. At the early stage of disease, the flower grows brown to dryness, and a layer of gray-brown powder forms in the diseased part at the later stage. The young fruit begins to develop on the 10th day after flowering. Small brown spots appear on the fruit surface and gradually expand into dark brown spots. The young fruit is not soft rot; on the occurrence of ripening fruit, small brown spots appear on the fruit surface at the initial stage, which quickly expands and causes soft rot of the whole fruit. 2. Control methods: (1) Clean the orchard. (2) Reasonably pruning, so that the canopy has good ventilation and light transmission conditions; (3) Spray 3-5 degrees of lime sulfur before germination; spray once every 10-15 days in the growing season, spray together 4-6 times, the agent can be used 1:2:240 times Bordeaux mixture or 77% can kill 500 times, or 50% captan 500 times. V. Dry rot 1. Symptoms: Mostly occur on the trunk and main branches. At the beginning of the disease, the lesion is dark brown, irregularly shaped, and the diseased skin is hard. It often exudes tea-brown mucus. Afterwards, the diseased part is sunken and sunken, the periphery is cracked, and the surface has dense black spots. When severe, it causes the death of the main branch or the whole tree. 2. Control methods: (1) Strengthen tree vigor, increase disease resistance, strengthen tree protection, reduce and avoid mechanical wounds, frostbite and insect injury; (2) find disease spots to scrape in time, then apply rot to be clear, TOEFL ointment or 843 Rehabilitation agents, etc.; (3) Before the spring bud sprouts, spray 5 degrees lime sulfur or 40% of Formamide arsenic 100 times; spray the trunk during the growth period and pay attention to spray the trunk and main branches. Six, leaf spot 1. Symptoms: The disease mainly damages the leaves and also damages the petioles and fruits. Onset of the leaves, in the early stage, there was a purple or brown necrotic spot between the frontal veins of the leaves. At the same time, a pink mold was formed on the back of the spot. With the enlargement of the spot later, the majority of the leaves withered. Sometimes the leaves also form a perforation, causing the leaves to fall off early. Leaf disease usually begins in May, and is severely affected during the high-temperature and rainy seasons from July to August. 2. Control methods: (1) Strengthen cultivation and management, increase tree vigor, and improve disease resistance of the tree; (2) Remove diseased and diseased leaves, concentrate burned or buried deeply; (3) spray 3-5 degrees lime sulfur before germination; (4) Xiehua Before harvesting fruit, spray 1-2 times 70% mancozeb 600 times or 75% chlorothalonil 500-600 times or Dasheng M45800 twice every 10-14 days.