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Mung bean grade A green food production technical regulations
Mung bean is rich in nutrients, has the same food and medicine, and is known as the “green pearl†in food. Chinese medicine believes that mung bean seeds, seed coats, flowers, leaves, and bean sprouts can be used as medicines. Internal use has the effects of detoxification, detoxification, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, swelling, liver protection, eyesight, antihypertensive, anti-cancer and anti-cancer effects. It can be used to treat sores and eliminate sputum, which is undoubtedly a very ideal nutritional health food. Therefore, in recent years, its products have been favored by consumers at home and abroad and have been exported to more than 60 countries and regions such as Japan, South Korea, the Philippines, the United Kingdom, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. However, the major importing countries and regions have continuously improved their inspection methods for agricultural products, and the number of inspections and projects have increased year by year. This has caused increasing concern for the pollution-free production of mung beans. In view of this, we have formulated technical regulations for the production of mung bean Grade A green foods, in order to promote the development of standardized production of pollution-free mung beans, cultivate a healthy and orderly mung bean export market, and increase farmers' income. First, the production environment of the place of origin should choose a good ecological environment, no or not directly by the industrial "three wastes" and agriculture, urban life, medical waste, pollution, away from the main highway, no soil and water related endemic agricultural production areas. In line with the national NY/T391 "Green Food Production Environment Environmental Quality Conditions" standard. Climatic conditions: The frost-free period is more than 115 days, the annual accumulated temperature is above 2300°C, and the annual rainfall is above 440mm. Soil conditions: It requires deep plowing, good fertilizer retention and drainage, and a pH of about 7 in soil. Before the chanting: Mung bean bogey continuum, should not take the cabbage as a forehead. Second, the selection of varieties used in high yield, high quality, early maturing, disease resistance, insect-resistant varieties, in order to avoid or reduce the application of pesticides to ensure that there is no excess residue. Under current conditions, there is no complete resistance to pests and diseases, and varieties such as Zhonglv No.1, Yulu No.2, Yulv No.3, Qilu No.2 and Anyang Rare Black Mungbean No.1 should be selected. Seed quality must reach grade 2 or higher. Namely: uniform particle size, uniform color, purity not less than 98%, a degree of purity of not less than 97%, a germination rate of not less than 90%, and a moisture content of not more than 13%. Third, the site preparation and fertilization to achieve virtual reality, the ground level. Fertilizer varieties to be applied shall comply with the relevant standards of the National NY/T394 "Guidelines for the Use of Fertilizers for the Production of Green Foods" to achieve pollution-free requirements. In principle, fertilization should be combined with organic and inorganic fertilizers. Spring sowing mung bean: deep plowing in the early autumn years ago, cultivating 15-25 cm deep, and combining organic manure with 1,750 kilograms of arable land. Before sowing, shallow ploughs are used to achieve moderate looseness and flat ground to meet the needs of sprouting and growth of mung bean. Summer sowing of mung bean: After harvesting and early preparation of wheat, loosen the soil, clean up roots and reduce weeds. Research shows that for every 100 kilograms of mung bean grain production, about 6.5 kilograms of nitrogen, 1.7 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5.7 kilograms of potassium oxide are required. Because mung beans have the characteristics of symbiotic nitrogen fixation with the kidney bean rhizobia, the nitrogen fixation can reach 4 kilograms per mu. . According to this calculation, producing 110 kg of grain per acre requires approximately 3.15 kg of nitrogen, 1.87 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 6.27 kg of potassium oxide. - General organic fertilizer (compost) contains about 0.40% to 0.50% of nitrogen, about 0.18% to 0.26% of phosphorus, and about 0.45% to 0.70% of potassium, and the utilization rate is 20% to 40%. Therefore, about 1,750 kilograms of organic fertilizer in Mushi can meet the growth and development needs of mung bean; if there is no organic fertilizer, 17 kg of diammonium phosphate or 7 kilograms of urea can be applied. Combine with soil preparation and apply it once. In the case of high soil fertility (organic fertilizer content higher than 2%, total nitrogen higher than 0.1%), no fertilizer can be applied. Mushroomed mung beans: Due to the restriction of conditions, land preparation is not available. The management of intercropping the intercropping crops should be strengthened to create conditions for mung bean sowing. Fourth, before sowing sowing time, use the appropriate rhizobial seed dressing, with 100 grams of rhizobia per kilogram of seeds, add water, stir into a paste, and then mix well with the seeds, dried after the broadcast. Mung bean has a short growing period and a long sowing period. Spring sowing is generally from late April to mid-May, and summer sowing is from late May to mid-June. Mu sowing volume 1.0-1.5 kg. Seed sowing method, sowing and sowing, sowing more, less sowing. Drilling should be done to prevent overburdening, too thick seedlings or missing sowing, uniform sowing, and no seeds within 30 centimeters as broken strips, and no more than one broken bar per 15 meters. And require spacing 40-50 cm; intercropping, interplanting and sporadic planting mostly use hole sowing, 3-4 per hole, spacing 50-60 cm, spacing 13-17 cm. Fifth, field management seedlings Dingmiao: After emergence, when the first compound leaves after the start of seedlings, the second compound leaves after the start of seedlings. Seedling density should be based on the soil fertility: generally high water and fertilizer plots, acres of regurgitation 0.9-11,000; water fertilizer plots, Liumiao 11-13,000; poor fertility of water and fertilizer should be at 13,000 Strain above. The cultivating soil: before and after the seedlings, weeding and cultivating 1-2 times, to promote the formation of nodules and roots under the bar. In the branching stage, a third cultivator is carried out and the soil is earthed to protect the roots. Watering and draining: Mungbeans are more tolerant to drought, less tolerant to moisture, and more sensitive to moisture. Excessive water in the early stage can easily cause the rot to kill the seedlings, or cause leggy to cause later lodging. In the late stage, it is easy to make the roots and plants grow poorly, premature aging occurs, the flowers fall off, and the yield declines; if the ground area is water for 2-3 days, the plant death can be caused. Therefore, attention should be paid to flood prevention and drainage. The budding period of mung bean is the critical period of water demand, and the flowering period is the peak period of water demand. In case of drought, watering should be timely. To avoid miscellaneous protection: plant uniform and consistent is the stable genetic inheritance of mung bean yield and quality traits. In order to ensure the quality and quality of mung bean varieties, it is imperative to do a good job of removing impurities from the mung bean varieties. Mungbeans are self-pollination crops, and the natural hybridization rate is very low, but in dry weather, the corolla may open before the pollen and stigma mature, thereby increasing its cross-pollination rate. Therefore, as much as possible before the flowering, the hybrid strain should be In addition to the net. VI. Prevention and control of pests Mung bean The main diseases during the growth period are root rot, virus disease, leaf spot disease, and powdery mildew; the main insect pests are ground tigers, aphids, and red spiders. It should be based on agricultural control and biological control, supplemented by pharmaceutical control. Agricultural control: The selection of disease-resistant varieties and disease-free seeds; the rotation of grasses with grasses, so that they do not weigh, do not greet; deep plowing the land, remove field strains. Biological control: Pay attention to the protection of natural enemies of ladybugs such as ladybirds, pupas and grasshoppers, and prevent and control aphid damage. Chemical control: Use chlorothalonil WP with 0.3% seeds and 50% phoxim EC with 0.1% seeds to prevent disease and pests. With 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 600 times spray, can prevent the above diseases; 90% of the seedlings with 100 grams of dipterex powder dust control tiger , Mu 40% Dimethoate EC 75 ml Water 50 kg spray control aphids,, Mu 50% malathion EC 75 ml 1000 times control red spider; flowering period mu spray 10% Cypermethrin EC 40 ml 2000 times Liquid can control aphid pests. For pesticide control, pesticides applied must meet the national NY/T393 Guidelines for the Use of Pesticides for the Production of Green Food and pesticide safety standards, and only one spray application is allowed during the entire growth period to prevent excessive pesticide residues. For pesticide spraying equipment, use equipment that meets the requirements of the national standards to ensure the effectiveness and safety of pesticide application. 7. Harvest threshing Generally, when the plants have 60% - 70% of their maturity, they can begin harvesting, and then harvest once every 6-8 days. For large-scale production of mung bean plots, if manual picking is difficult, use mung bean varieties with the same maturation time and maturity, such as Yulv No. 3, until 70%–80% of the beans mature in the morning or evening. When harvested. Transport equipment must be safe, hygienic and non-polluting. The harvested mung beans shall be aired in a timely manner in a non-toxic, harmless, and clean site. Drying and threshing on asphalt roads or other contaminated places are strictly forbidden to prevent pollution and maintain good product color. Prevent rain, soaking and sprouting. Eight, the classification of threshing after mechanical or manual cleaning and grading. The product quality conforms to the pollution-free food standard: uniform particle size, uniform color, moisture content ≤ 13.5%, total imperfect grain quantity ≤ 5%, total amount of variegated and heterochromatic grains ≤ 1%, purity ≥ 98%, and clarity ≥ 97 %, 100-grain weight ≥ 6.5 g, protein content ≥ 25%, starch content ≥ 54% as a grade; uniform particle type, uniform color, imperfect grain total 45%, variegated and heterochromatic rate 42%, net Degree ≥ 95%, 100 grain weight ≥ 6.2 g, protein content ≥ 23%, starch content ≥ 52% is secondary; appearance is normal, other conditions do not meet the above criteria, 100 grain weight ≥ 6 g, protein content ≥ 21% Starch content ≥50% is Grade 3; those below Grade 3 are mung bean. 9. Fumigation Storage The main pest of mung beans is mungbeans during storage. After the classification, the aluminum phosphide (3.3g/tablet) can be taken. According to the ratio of 1-2 pieces/m3 of storage space, it can be fumigated in a sealed warehouse or in a fumigation chamber. It can kill adult insects and kill worms. In the larvae and eggs, it does not affect the consumption and seed germination. Storage sites should be clean and hygienic, and must not be mixed with toxic or hazardous materials. X. Processing and packaging products shall be sent to the national designated agricultural product quality inspection unit for testing, and shall be certified as a pollution-free agricultural product. According to the standard specifications, the packaging is done in non-toxic, harmless, non-polluting packaging bags.