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Winter fattening cattle technology
Selected shelf cattle (1) varieties: The shelf cattle used for fattening are preferably hybrid cattle, which facilitates fattening and high-grade beef production. (2) Age: It should be 1 to 1.5 years old and has not reached the year of cattle. (3) Sex: Not castrated bull or yak. In the past, yak was generally considered to have the best fattening effect. However, after research, it was found that small calves (below 24 months of age) had the best fattening effect, fast weight gain, high lean meat percentage, and no influence on meat quality. The bull is better than the yak and the yak is better than the cow. (4) Weight: Shelf cattle weighing 250-350 kilograms are well-growth and development, easy to adopt a unified feeding method, and easy to manage. When the weight reaches 500 to 550 kg, the weight gain rate will decrease. Before preparing the fattening, you should make related preparations. Including the cattle to adapt to the environment, feed, castration of cattle, deworming, stomach, etc., takes about 7 to 15 days. The fattening cattle must have about 7 days after purchase to adapt to the environment and feed. The cattle can enter the bar stable for 2 to 3 days before they can be castrated. Most of them use the drug castration method, the castration forceps method, or the epididymis extraction to remove the potential method. Use the "Bugworm" to drive out the parasites in the cattle. The oral dose of powder is 0.1 g/kg body weight, or the injection is subcutaneously injected, 0.2 mg/kg body weight. Deworming should be carried out within 5 to 7 days after castration. The main purpose of the stomach is to use the stomach-stimulating drugs to stimulate the bovine taste receptors, promote the secretion of digestive juices, increase their appetite, and promote the absorption of nutrients. The stomach is usually given 3 days after the deworming. Each cow is given oral 60 to 100 grams of oral salt or 450 grams of "Jianwei Powder" orally. Growth Law (1) Growth rules of body tissues: Body tissue growth has a great relationship with the breed, age, sex, and body weight of cattle. Young cattle and young cattle that have not reached maturity generally have a faster weight gain, better feed remuneration, and have a good fattening effect. They can often be used for fattening. Adult cattle have slow weight gain and are not suitable for fattening. The growth order of young cattle and young cattle bodies is visceral organs--skeletal-muscle--fat, and adult cows are mainly muscle and fat. In general, bulls or calves aged 1 to 1.5 years and weighing more than 300 kg are used for fattening. (2) Compensatory growth: At a certain stage of shelf cattle growth, the cattle show a temporary growth stagnation by controlling the feed supply or feed quality of the cattle. When appropriate, when the supply of nutrients is restored, the cow will show more than normal growth rate, and will make up for the losses originally received, even beyond the normal growth level, called compensatory growth. This is to increase the economic benefits of cattle production, reduce feed consumption, and reduce the cost of raising livestock. This is an important method often used in beef cattle fattening. However, it should be noted that the time for growth inhibition cannot exceed 3 to 6 months, and the obstruction stage should be performed after the cattle have grown to 3 to 6 months of age, and should not be carried out during the embryonic period and within 3 months of the birth. Improper use will result in greater losses. The amount of nutrient control is generally about 75% of the normal amount. Scientific fattening fattening cows in addition to adhering to feeding high quality hay, silage, micro-feeds every day, but also according to breed, age, sex, lyrical, etc. adjust the feed formula. Reference concentrate formula: corn 50%, soybean cake 22%, bran 25%, calcium bicarbonate 1.5%, growth hormone 1.5%, salt 2%. The following three stages of fattening: The first stage (6 to 8 days): mainly tuned cattle to adapt to feed. The method is to feed the straw feed with a small amount of compound material, and the cow can automatically feed on the trough after 2 to 3 days. The second stage (10 to 12 days) is mainly to restore the body condition. Each cow was fed with 700-750 grams of concentrate per day, fed three times, and the forage was fed freely. The third stage (35-40 days) is the key stage of strength fattening. Every day, each cow is fed with 1000 g of concentrate, and sufficient amount of high-quality hay, silage or micro-storage straw feed is provided. When there are conditions, feed night grass. Carefully manage to provide a warm, dry, quiet and comfortable living environment for cattle during the fattening period. Fixed cattle reins are generally set at about 35 cm, limiting their movement. When the weather is good, let it soak in the sun every day after feeding. Brush the body once a day to keep the body clean. Thoroughly clean up the trough, remove residual material, and prevent the feeding of mildew. When the cow's body is wide and full, with straight back and hips hypertrophy, touch the back, buttocks, shoulder blades, ribs and other parts of the cow with full muscles; touch the ears, front and rear ribs, feel a lot of fat deposition, explain the situation Good, can be slaughtered.