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Main technical measures for healthy breeding of crabs
In recent years, outbreaks of trembling disease and crab slavery have become more serious. In 1999, crab production in parts of Jiangsu suffered heavy losses due to outbreaks of trembling disease. Some production units were almost completely destroyed. In response to this, since last year, under the guidance of provincial, municipal, and county-level aquatic products authorities, river crab production has gradually begun trials and demonstrations of healthy farming, with remarkable results. The author summarizes the main technical measures for the healthy breeding of crabs as follows: 1. Strictly control the species of crabs to be purely 1.1. Currently, the cultivated crabs in China mainly come from three major river systems, namely, the Yangtze River, Liaohe and Lancang water systems. Practice has proved that river crabs of different water systems can only exert their regional growth advantages and achieve good economic benefits under the environmental conditions of their own water systems. 1.1.1 Characteristics and Advantages of Yangtze River Water Crabs The crabs have light yellow, elliptical, and sharp lateral flanks. The fourth side teeth are prominent and the middle teeth of the frontal teeth are clearly recessed; the second foot and the third foot are equal. The ratio of the length of the fourth side tooth to the length of the third step is 1:20 (this ratio is the key difference between the river crab species and other river crab species). No bristles. The advantages of the Yangtze River Crab are many. The biggest advantage is that the growth rate is fast. Individuals of crabs are significantly larger than those of other river systems. 1.1.2 Parents' preferred selection order is: Yangtze River> Lakes> Ponds 1.1.3 The preferred order of seed selection is: natural (harvested) Yangtze River waters Chinese mitten crab seedlings> artificially cultivated Yangtze River waters Chinese mitten crabs Species> Artificially cultivated Chinese mitten crabs in the Yangtze River water system using large-sized crabs as their parents. 1.2 The quality is excellent 1.2.1 Correct identification of precocious crab species, improve the survival rate of crab species Precocious crab species refers to the crab seedlings of the year, after cultivation into the crab species of the year, individuals are not large, usually around 20 grams, gonads Mature crabs have already been developed. The use of this crab species for commercial crab production for the following year has caused most of the deaths due to difficulties in oyster shells, which has brought serious economic losses to crab production. The method for correctly identifying precocious crab species is as follows: (1) Look at the abdomen of crab species. If the abdomen of the female crab has become almost round, that is, it has been presented with a umbilicus, the villi around the umbilicus, and the fourth and fifth quarters of the plastron have become wider, indicating that the crab has become precocious; If you have developed into a white, hard, osteogenic tube, this male crab has been sexually mature. (2) Look at the chelipa of the crab species, and if there is no fuzz on the medial aspect of the foot, if it does not, it is not a continuous fine and short hair; precocious crab species chewing foot or step foot villus thick and long, color Deeper. (3) Look at the color of the head breastplate and the crab pattern. The back color of the normal crab head breastplate is light yellow, while the back of the sexually mature crab species is dark green or blue; the back of the normal crab species is relatively flat and undulating, while the back of the sexually mature individuals is uneven. (4) Look at the gonadal development of crab species. Open the head breastplate. If there are two purple strips on the liver, and there are even granules, then it is a sexually mature ovary; if there are two white strips, it is a mature testis. If only the yellowish liver is seen, the gonads are immature. 1.2.3 The best condition for self-breeding crab species. Self-breeding crabs have high survival rate, strong resistance to disease, rapid growth, and their quality is significantly better than that of purchased crabs. 2 crab pool dredging disinfected crabs like to dwell in rivers, lakes muddy shores or beach caves, or hidden in the gravel, water plants. In artificial breeding, the burrowing characteristics can be changed. According to the survey, the ratio of burrowing crabs in breeding ponds is relatively low, and females are more than males. The vast majority of crabs are buried in the sediment. Only the eyes and tentacles above the exporter are exposed and the breath is maintained. We believe that the quality requirements for sediment are also one of the key factors for large-scale crab production. At present, one of the key factors in the occurrence of crabs is the cleanliness of sediments. In production, we can take the following measures to improve and improve the quality of bottoms to meet the growing needs of river crabs. 2.1 After the end of each year, all ponds mostly pass through dry pond dredging (less than 15Cm sediment) and after exposure, 100-100 Kg/mu quick lime clear ponds are used. 2.2 Thorough dredging can be achieved by means of underwater dredges. 2.3 Oxygenation of flowing water or aeration of oxygen by using aerators to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water is not less than 5mg/L. 2.4 Efforts to promote the use and feeding of photosynthetic bacteria and other microorganisms can effectively absorb water and bottom toxic substances. Its role is as follows: (1) Purify water quality, significantly improve the water environment (absorb hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and other toxic substances) and reduce their concentration in the water body; (2) can effectively increase dissolved oxygen, stabilize the water environment PH value; (3) photosynthetic bacteria itself is high in protein (content up to 65%), can significantly improve the crab yield; (4) can effectively improve the crab body immunity; (5) can reduce production costs; (6) can produce green products, no Contamination products. 3 Adjusting the stocking mode 3.1 Appropriate density. Change the density to a thin place, usually 500-600 pieces/mu, so that the crab has ample space for life and growth. 3.2 Moderate specifications. Generally 100-200/kg, so as to ensure the crab market specifications. 3.3 Timely stocking. Change the winter to spring, generally from the end of February to the beginning of March, when the water temperature is 8-12 °C. 3.4 After stocking, raise them first. "Temporary care" is a transitional phase that must be provided before stocking crabs. After the crabs have been raised and raised, they can greatly increase the survival rate of the pond. Pay attention to the length of the holding time, depending on the water temperature and the growth of aquatic plants in the pool. 4 Planting aquatic plants Planting aquatic plants is a very effective method that is strongly advocated in ecological crabs today. As the saying goes: "Crab size, look at plants." 4.1 The main purpose of planting aquatic plants is to disperse the water, make full use of water bodies, and make use of the three-dimensional benign distribution of crabs, ie the distribution of upper, middle and lower water bodies is suitable. 4.2 aquatic species: You can choose Elodea, Vallisneria, black leaf algae, etc., but Elodea is the best, its high nutritional value, and strong vitality, can grow all year round. 4.3 grass area: generally controlled at about 60% of the water surface, if too dense, it is necessary to open a width of 3-5m every 10-15m of the channel, to ensure that there is enough light at the bottom of the pool. 4.4 grass time: generally choose before and after Qingming, not too early or too late. 4.5 Planting methods: Elodea and Shadder Hydrilla are mainly vegetatively propagated. Cuttings and cuttings are used to cut the stems. The amount of 25-30 kg per mu is used; the seedlings are mainly planted with 0.1 kg per mu. 4.6 Management points: (1) Fertilization should be carried out in a timely and timely manner (compound fertilizer and basal fertilizer should be enough; inorganic fertilizer should be moderate and efforts should be made to promote the use of calcium dihydrogen phosphate). (2) The planting of aquatic plants should be carried out before the stocking of crabs. It is ensured that the crabs grow in front of the ponds. Otherwise, the shoots of the grass are eaten by the crabs and affect the growth of the plants. 5 Improving the feeding quality of technical feed is a material guarantee for the production of crab and crab. In March, when the water temperature reached 10°C or more, it began to be fed. Baits mainly include animal carcasses and their slaughtered leftovers, carcasses, snails, and shrimps, as well as grasses such as wheat, cereals, cakes, aquatic or terrestrial fresh. Feeding must adhere to the principles of fine, green, and coarse matching. From April to May, the aquatic plants in the pond germinated, and the bio-feed was alive. The freshly-discharged crab species were small and the water temperature was low. The crabs did not have high feeding intensity, and they could feed animal feed less and cast more green or roughage. From June to October, the individual crabs gradually grew up and the water temperature increased. The feeding intensity of the crabs was large. Especially from August to October, the crabs were fattened and yellowed, and the body weight increased significantly. More animal feed should be fed. Every day before and after the evening feeding, the feed was placed in the shallow water near the pool, and a multi-point food table was set up. Each feeding amounted to about 10-20% of the total weight of the crab, and it was appropriately increased or decreased depending on the season, water temperature, weather, food intake, and growth. In addition, in the actual operation should also pay attention to the following aspects. (1) During the Ching Ming period, more than 300 kg of fresh snails, etc., should be placed per acre to serve as basic bait throughout the year. (2) feeding to do timing, positioning, qualitative, quantitative. (3) When preparing mixed feeds artificially, it is best to make the feed into a shape like noodles or lumps to facilitate the feeding of crabs. (4) Feeding wheat, pumpkin, cereals, and cakes during the early stage of crab growth. During this period, it is recommended to feed malt (malt feeding will ensure that it will not rot and deteriorate for 1-2 days), and the remaining feed should be cooked. Feeding. (5) The life of the crabs requires repeated shelling. The enlargement of the body, the change of shape, and the regeneration of the broken limb are all formed after each clamshell. The oyster shell runs through the entire growth and life of the crab. Therefore, it is necessary to properly feed capsella, and the feeding of capsin and feed should be appropriately separated in terms of time. In addition, during the crab shell, it is necessary to constantly renew the water and maintain micro-flowing water, which can effectively stimulate The crab shell. (6) During the entire breeding cycle, appropriate amounts of lime should be used to purify the water. On the one hand, water should be added to the water in order to prepare for multiple oyster shells. 6. Scientifically conditioned water quality Healthy crabs have a very high quality requirement for the water environment and must be scientifically conditioned. 6.1 Water quality indicators require transparency of 35-40 cm, dissolved oxygen above 5 mg/L, pH value of 7.5-8.5, and ammonia nitrogen concentration of 0.2-0.5 mg/L. The above water quality indicators can be detected clinically through the use of water quality test kits and other measures to take some measures (mainly to simulate the natural ecological environment) to carry out necessary, beneficial, and timely control of the water environment. 6.2 Regulation of pool water At the beginning of stocking in late February and early March, the water depth is controlled at 0.6-0.8 m, water depth at 0.8-1.0 m during May-July, and 1.0-1.2 m between August and October. In the spring and autumn, change the water once a week, each time deepen 30-40 cm. When changing the water, it is necessary to perform side-by-side irrigation. Do not change the water temperature by more than 5°C. Such as pool bottom silt more, low transparency, water color becomes thicker, crab back a dark, rust appears on the abdomen, step foot turn yellow, fresh lime 7.5-15 kg per acre, into the water Quanchiposa, continuous Use 2-3 times, each interval of 5-7 days, can adjust the water quality, increase the concentration of calcium in the water, is conducive to the growth of crab and crab shell color changes. 6.3 Precautions (1) Change the water and change the amount of water in time to improve the environment and reduce the temperature. The appropriate water temperature for crabs is 25-28 °C. (2) Birthstone is not suitable for reuse, reuse, or use. If used frequently, the hardness of the water body will be too large, the dissolved oxygen will decrease, and the phosphate concentration will decrease. (3) In order to maintain a certain degree of fat in the pool water, it promotes the growth of bait and other food organisms. (4) Carry out polyculture of crab fish. The mixed use of crab and fish can make full use of the water space, improve the utilization of feed, purify the water, and effectively improve the water quality of the pond. However, it is necessary to use mainly crabs, which can be adapted to stocking a small amount of earthworms, earthworms, grasses, cockroaches, and tilapia, but it is not possible to stock fish such as earthworms and herrings. (5) Pay attention to avoiding flight.