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Selection and Cultivation of Reserve Pigs
With the booming development of the swine industry, various types of investors have turned their attention to the pig raising industry; therefore, specialized pig farmers and pig farms have increased year by year. No matter what kind of investment, the benefits are always fundamental. However, the quality of reserve groups directly affects the potential for pig production, which in turn affects pig production efficiency. This point is often overlooked in many pig farms. If the annual replacement rate of production sows is calculated at 30% to 45%, the number of restocking columns for reserve groups is very large. Therefore, scientific and standard reserve pig selection and cultivation are farm operations. The key link. The selection of reserve varieties The outsourcing of reserve breeding pigs should consider the following points; first, select the breeding company with good health status and reputation as the breeding company; secondly, select the species and quantity suitable for your own requirements. The detailed selection criteria are as follows: Selection of reserve boars: focus on lean meat percentage, carcass quality, limb and hoof, growth rate, feed remuneration, etc. Specific selection of boar points: Body appearance conforms to breed characteristics, good testis development, and left-right symmetry ( The size gap is no more than 10%), strong limbs, strong pace, clear pedigree, and a comprehensive selection index of 100 or more. Selection of gilts: reproductive ability, lactation force, etc. Specific selection points: Variety selection: Maternal pigs with multiple litter size and good milking performance. The appearance conforms to the breed characteristics, the physique is strong, the vulva develops well, and the effective nipples are more than 6 pairs. Individuals with individual measurements are above average, and individuals with high index are selected. The basic knowledge after the introduction of reserve breeding pigs was introduced after the introduction of isolation and feeding: 1. The unloading pigs and the positioning of the pig transporter were used to disinfect the pigs with a small sterilizing disinfectant. Lighter when unloading pigs. After unloading pigs, reasonable grouping should be based on body weight, breed, sex, etc. to minimize the rearing density. Faced with the new environment, pigs need to be repositioned to eat, drink, pull and sleep. Positioning method: All-day special care, gradually establish a new lifestyle after 3 days. 2. Isolation and rearing 1) Newly-breed pigs should be placed in a quarantine-disinfected pig house. They should not be contacted with the pigs for the time being, and they are generally isolated for 30-45 days. 2) Hand-feeding to avoid cross-infection. 3) Frail, diseased, and fighting pigs should be isolated and given special care during the breeding process. 4) After the pigs are unloaded, the pigs should be fully rested and free drinking water should be added. After 12 hours, feeding was started, and the amount of feed was normal 1/3. It gradually returned to normal within 3-5 days. 3. Health Care and Disinfection 1) For the newly introduced breeding pigs, the feeds used should be supplemented with appropriate amounts of antibiotics and electrolytic cubes for 5-7 days. 2) Adhere to the standard disinfection of the newly introduced breeding pigs, which generally include vehicle disinfection and daily disinfection when entering the farm. (With pigs, disinfection generally uses small, non-corrosive, non-corrosive disinfectants, such as chlorine preparations, 100 toxins, 1210, Verbo, Iodine preparations, etc.). Disinfect continuously for 2 weeks. After the use of a variety of disinfectant rotation, disinfection 3 times a week. 3) Deworming of newly introduced pigs after vaccination. Usually avermectin powder spices feed 1 week. The nutritional standards for reserve breeding pigs and the feeding of reserve pigs for feed formulation are very important, especially for high-yield and fast-growing French pigs. The reserve sow energy is generally between the finishing pigs and the pre-pregnant materials. Specially prepared pig stocks were prepared; Feeding methods were generally free in the early stage and were properly limited in the later period (feed intake was more than 80% of normal). This is conducive to estrus breeding. In addition, it requires protein and amino acid balance, generally 15% of crude protein and 0.7% of lysine. The Ca, P content of the gilt during the incubation period is relatively high, Ca0.9%, P0.73%, so that the amount of mineral deposits in the skeleton can be maximized. The first-born sows have a long reproductive life and a short period of average farrowing. Reserve pig feed formula should consider whether to add fishmeal and puffed soybeans in feed ingredients according to body weight. If the body weight is below 80kg: fishmeal should be added 1% or so, puffed soybean 1%; 80kg or more – 7 months of age. Functional excavation, development of sexual organs, etc., no fish meal and puffed soybean; 7 months of age - estrus implementation of short-term excellent feeding, can be fed lactating sow feed. The nutrition level of feed should consider both pigs and their uses. The state of the feed is dry powder and tidal mix. The biggest advantage of dry powder is convenience. The disadvantage is poor palatability and large dust in the pig house. Therefore, the respiratory problems of finishing pigs in winter often occur. Very serious, it is recommended that the conditions of the best use of boiled farms. Feeding and management points of reserve pigs 1. Observing the pigs Regularly observe the nutritional status, mental outlook, feces, urine, cough, skin color, feed intake, pig house temperature, and smell of the pigs. 2. Positioning for eating, drinking, pulling, and sleeping. The benefits of good positioning include a good home environment, easy clean-up, non-contaminated feed, thorough cleaning at the end, and so on. 3. Feeding method can be transitioned from dry powder to tidal mix. Generally, 80kg is used before the free-feeding stage. After 80kg, it is transferred to the ready-to-committee and fed with the damp-mix. The amount of feed is adjusted properly, usually 2.5-3kg/day. The sensational control of 80% is ideal. 4. Groups are usually grouped according to their species, body weight, gender, physique, and purpose after group transfer. Once there is no special situation, groups cannot be adjusted. If sick pigs appear, they can be kept in isolation. Boars with libido may not regroup. Special conditions single-column rearing. 5, air quality control The northern winter must deal with the contradiction between insulation and ventilation, because this contradiction often induce respiratory diseases. In summer, it is necessary to pay attention to the cooling of the heatstroke. To this end, you can add some basic facilities: such as wind turbines, water curtains, warm air, heating, etc., for heatstroke prevention and heat preservation. 6. The factors that induce estrous affect the sow's puberty The best way to get a breed, environment, light, stress, and affection is to contact the boar and drive the sow out to the boar, 20 minutes at a time, for a week. At the beginning of the seduction, the sow’s age is generally 150 days and the weight is more than 90kg. In addition, measures such as grazing, hunting, and increasing light disrupting the normal life of the sow will all play a role in attracting people. Hormonal therapy is currently used in large-scale pig farms and PMSG+HCG is generally used. Epidemic prevention and control 1. Immunization (1) The basis for the establishment of the immunization program is: the original immune status, epidemic situation in the local area, the actual condition of the herd, the nature of the vaccine, etc., refer to these to develop an immunization program suitable for this field. Usually through epidemiological investigation, pathological necropsy, laboratory diagnosis combined with the degree of infection of the disease decide whether to increase the vaccine. In addition, we must establish scientific awareness of immunization. Immunization is not a panacea, generally good vaccines, normative storage and vaccination, and protection can reach 70%-75%. Therefore, to ensure the health of pigs, the management of reserve pigs should also be included in the integrated epidemic prevention system. (2) Vaccine selection is generally selected from the regular manufacturers designated by the relevant animal husbandry and veterinary departments, for example, the O-type high-performance foot-and-mouth disease inactivated vaccine selected by Zhongmu Mulan Pharmaceutical Factory of Foot and Mouth Disease. Common vaccines include Japanese encephalitis, parvovirus, swine fever, and pseudorabies. (3) Vaccine preservation and cold chain transport The storage of vaccines by manufacturers is generally not a problem. Problems often arise in all aspects of transportation, including packaging conditions, time spent on roads, and the responsibility of transporters. Stored in the pig farm should be specially managed, and always monitor the temperature of the refrigerator, especially power outages, refrigerator failure, it is best to add ice packs in the refrigerator in advance, ready for emergency thermometer backup. In addition, the diluted vaccine must be stored in a thermos flask or in a heat-insulated incubator for temporary storage and be used within 2 hours. (4) Regulatory operations include disinfection of instruments and operating sites, selection of needle models, complete records (registration records, inoculation records), etc., shaking before use, hands-on operations, decontamination of spent vaccines, and harmless treatment of empty bottles. Aspects. Sterilization of instruments is generally done in an autoclave or an ordinary steamer. Normal steamers turn off the power for 30 minutes after boiling. In practice, they are generally prolonged, and the disinfected instruments are then naturally dried on a clean bench. The neck muscles are generally sterilized with 2% iodine. Needles: No. 9 for piglets, No. 12 for nourishing pigs, No. 16 for fattening and adult pigs (note that the length should be appropriate). The principle of choice is less vaccine loss, less stress, and ease of handling. Requires the operator to complete the record. Waste vaccines and empty bottles are packaged and burned after the operation is completed. In addition, attention should be paid to the operation of a pig, the dose should be sufficient, the site should be accurate, and it is forbidden to fly. This work often does not adhere well. Require management personnel to strictly supervise and gradually cultivate the good quality of employees. (5) Antibody testing Conditional pig farms must perform immunization monitoring, usually 2 weeks after vaccination, to check antibody growth and decline. For pig farms that are not heavily contaminated, gene-deleted vaccines should be used to prevent multi-vendor vaccines from being used together and to prevent genetic recombination of viruses. Inactivated vaccines are best administered twice before inoculation at intervals of 4-6 weeks. In case of outbreaks of swine fever, pseudorabies, and parvovirus, attenuated vaccines should be used as soon as possible for emergency vaccination. After the epidemic is stable or in the old epidemic areas, inactivated vaccines are generally used for purification. 2. Parasites such as worms, whipworms and cockroaches often damage the body's immune system and consume large amounts of nutrients in the body, making pigs immune to dullness and low resistance to herds. Therefore, periodic deworming is very important for controlling parasites. 3. Drug prevention The epidemic is very complicated in recent years. Multi-pathogen mixed infections have been increasing year by year. In addition to making necessary immunizations, it is necessary to appropriately add drugs to feeds during the seasons or seasons when the group is transferred and the season is stressed. , physiological regulators, probiotics and certain Chinese herbal medicines are used for prevention and health care. The method of administration can be mixed feeding or drinking water. General mixed feeding is more common. The choice of drug is best for pathogens selecting sensitive drugs and co-administration. However, it is necessary to avoid the abuse of antibiotics because the problem of super bacteria in recent years has caused widespread concern in the world.