Macrobrachium breeding technology in Hainan

March 28, 2019

Hainan Macrobrachium Hainanense is also known as Macrobrachium Hainanense. It is also known as the Giant River Shrimps, White River Shrimps, and Tail Shrimp. Its main producing area is located in the waters of the southern coastal areas. The shrimps are produced in the middle and lower reaches of the Minjiang River in Zhejiang Province. Their individual size is comparable to that of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, but the flesh taste is more delicious and larger than that of individuals of the giant shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponense). The largest male is 200 grams. Body color is more transparent than white, but it will change with the environment and water color, wide range of suitable temperature, can survive at 5~35°C, suitable temperature is 20~28°C; PH value is 6.3~7.5; it is Guang salt Shrimp; larvae live in estuarine salty, freshwater areas; can live in low salinity and pure water; hi clusters, weaker light, and feeding mainly omnivorous but partial animals. Occasionally, mutual food can occur, mainly due to food shortage. The male pliers are large, purple blue, and the female pliers are small. The individual is smaller. The shell is thin. The shell is transparent and white when living in stream clear water. It also has yellow rust. Color is generally jade white in rivers. The longest life up to 2 years, the general culture by 3 to 4 months up to 5cm or more. Its dissolved oxygen requirement is higher than that of other shrimps, and it prefers to live in the fresh water of the gravel and creeks. Therefore, the aquaculture environment requires higher quality than other freshwater prawn species. Its meat quality is delicious, and its meat production rate is higher than that of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and freshwater prawn. It is a large-scale freshwater prawn that is worth exploiting and exploiting in China. I. Pond culture: 1.1 Water source: General fresh water in reservoirs, streams, and rivers can be used. Water sources are sufficient, drainage is convenient, and the water source is clean and free of pollution. The PH value can be about 7 and dissolved oxygen can be kept above 5 mg/L. Microfluidic farming is preferred. 1.2 Pond: Generally 1~10 mu, water depth requirements are 70~150cm, there are slope protection around the pool, ring ditch and mud island can be set, and water hyacinth, revolutionary grass, and hydroponic grass can also be planted on the surface of the pond to facilitate Hainan Mushrooms sheltered, cooling down in summer. Into the drainage diagonal, convenient access and water exchange. Conditionally design gravel, or tiles, bamboo tubes and cans at the bottom of the pond. Because the shrimp is used to living under the shade, it is especially true when it comes to shelling, and it also has the habit of eating each other. This can greatly increase the survival rate of culture, but the disadvantage is that it will bring certain difficulties to capture. 1. 3 Restocking: 1.3.1 Clearing and Disinfecting of Ponds: After the new ponds are set up as required, aquatic products such as “chlorine” preparations, “iodine”, “bromine”, “CLO2” and “quaternary amine salts” will be disinfected and stored. Water breeds microorganisms and rears them. However, the old ponds must be cleaned, silt removed, shaded materials set up, strict disinfection, sun exposure, etc., followed by aquaculture. 1.3.2 Stocking Density: In general, whether the water quality is good or not, whether the water source is sufficient, whether there are oxygen-increasing equipment, the depth of the pool, and the shade amount to determine the stocking density, and design the aquaculture production. 1~3cm specifications of Hainan wild shrimp seedlings stocking 3.0 to 60,000 per acre, 3~5cm specifications stocking 2.0 to 30 thousand tails per acre, generally less than 1 cm seedlings to be cultivated as a special pool, not easy to stock in large ponds naturally Farming. 1.3.3 Stocking and Disinfection: Macrobrachium hainanensis should pay attention to these factors in transportation because its shell is thinner than other shrimps, transportation is easy to be injured and dissolved oxygen is more demanding. The seedlings transported to the field should be stocked after sterilization. Generally, they can be stocked after being disinfected after being sterilized by the “seedling net”, “medicine bath” or “iodine preparation”. The temperature difference during stocking should not be more than 5°C. Other physical and chemical indicators should be similar to the production and seedlings. Conditions can be used to raise a small number of seedlings rearing, so as to avoid unnecessary losses. 1.4 Feeding Management 1.4.1 Feeding and Management: As with other shrimp cultures, feeds are generally required using the “Four Sets” requirement. However, due to the fact that Macrobrachium hainanensis mainly feeds on animal feeds and prefers zooplankton, animal feed fish meal in artificial compound feed requires more than other shrimps, and it is better to cultivate clumps (such as rotifers) in ponds. Shrimp foraging is more conducive to growth, and feeding is conducted according to the principle of “less frequent meals”, so that the shrimp can evenly feed and prevent mutual hunger. 1.5 Daily management: 1.5.1 Patrol Pond: anti-escape; predator harm; observation of activity; water quality adjustment; observation of eating conditions; fishing; 1.5.2 Water Quality Adjustment: Adjust water depth, exchange volume, transparency, etc., keep the requirements of “live, tender and cool”, increase oxygen at regular time, keep dissolved oxygen above 5mg/l, use biological living bacteria such as “Bacillus subtilis” , "Bacillus", "photosynthetic bacteria", "nitrobacteria", "clone" have a good water quality regulation. The water requirement of the shrimp is larger than that of other shrimps, and the water must be changed regularly. 1.5.3 Disease Prevention: Regular use of disinfectants: such as "lime", "bromine, chlorine, iodine" preparations, "quaternary amine salt" and other disinfection, dosage according to the instructions of aquatic drugs, generally 10 to 15 days to use once, at the same time In the feed can be appropriate to add "decorin", "VC, VE" and "live bacteria" (yeast, clonal bacteria), or Chinese medicine such as: "trihuang" that rhubarb, Huangqi, Huanglian and other mixture plus Feed feeding to prevent the occurrence of disease. To achieve the principle of “prevention first,” the overall disease of the shrimp is less than other shrimp, as long as the environment is fresh and suitable, the operation is proper, and the prevention is heavy, that is, it can prevent and control the occurrence of diseases. Second, cage culture: 2.1 conditions and requirements: cages can be placed in reservoirs, rivers, ponds cultured. The size of 30~500m2 is appropriate, and the depth is 100~150cm. Plants such as water hyacinth are planted in the middle 1/3 of the cage, which can be used for shading and shelling of shrimps. It can also be used to hang several nets vertically in cages. 2.2 Stocking Density: General specification is 800~1500 tails/kg, stocking density is 80~100/m2, specification is 1000~2000 tail/kg stocking is 150~200/m2. 2.3 Daily management: 2.3.1 Check Whether the cage is damaged to prevent escape or not; 2.3.2 Wash the cage regularly to prevent the water in the cage from being over-contaminated and cause difficulty in communicating with the water, so as to prevent oxygen-deficient accidents. Other management with pond culture techniques. The feed should use granular artificial feed or extruded material, it is best to design the food table hanging around the cage to prevent feed wastage and easy to observe. Third, disease prevention and control: less disease of Macrobrachium hainanensis. However, with the development of intensive farming, the disease has gradually increased. The common diseases are: 3.1 Rot shell disease: Hainan Macrobrachium shell is thin, hi caves, aggressive. Therefore, the shell is vulnerable to infection. Brown spots or black spots appear in the shell. In severe cases, the chitin is destroyed, physical strength is weakened, and it dies when lying on the edge of the pool. Prevention methods: 1 Keep fresh water in shrimp ponds refreshed, strengthen feeding and improve living environment. 2 Diligent disinfection can be treated with “lime”, “CLO2”, “iodine, bromine, chlorine” or “quaternary amine salt”. (3) Oral administration of "VC, VE", "Shrimp Bacteria", "Shrimp Health", "Shrimp Illness" and other agents. 3.2 Red body disease: The disease begins with the redness of the legs and caudal peduncle and gradually expands to the entire abdomen, and it dies when the head thoracodorsis becomes red. It is usually a bacterial disease or septicemia, and severe viral disease occurs. The common prevention methods are: 1 Adjust water quality, add "VC, VE" and immune agent to the feed. 2 water disinfection can use "CLO2", or "quaternary amine salt iodine" and other disinfectants. 3 commonly used in oral administration of "three yellow mixture" and "gram poison king" and so on. 3.3 Gill disease: Shrimp gizzards are black, local mildew, sick shrimp sluggish, static water, serious deaths, generally caused by bacteria, mold or water pollution, prevention methods available: 1 to adjust the quality of fresh water, Disinfect with "chlorine, bromine or iodine" preparations. 2 take "black 鳃 鳃 ” ” 、 、 “", "鳃 鳃 鳃 ”" and other agents. 3.4 Ciliate disease: The diseased shrimp is accompanied by white or gray cotton floccules. Observed under the microscope can be found in a large number of worms or cup worms with handles, bell-shaped insects, etc., after the disease shrimp with hair, swim Slow movement, easy to observe on the edge of the pool, common precautions are: 1 regulate water quality, exchange fresh water. 2 With "KMnO4" or "Fibrinella net", "fibrin extermination" and Quanchiposa, etc., can be used to "carapace net plus complex copper" comprehensive control.

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