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High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Winter and Spring Lettuce
Lettuce is a vegetable variety with high yield and good economic benefits. The development of lettuce in many localities has become an important way for farmers to increase their income. The winter and spring lettuce high-yielding cultivation techniques mainly include the following aspects: 1. Variety selection winter lettuce, spring lettuce selected cold-resistant, strong adaptability, late bolting varieties, such as the cold and large white, special cold-resistant second skin, cold and extra large new election Hanging red silk, special cold-resistant white skin, cold-resistant white leaves, cold-resistant white skin, buckwheat leaves and so on. 2. Sowing date to determine the wintering lettuce October-November open seedlings, spring lettuce in December to the second year in March greenhouse seedlings, from mid-February to late March can open seedlings. 3. Cultivate strong seedlings (1) Site preparation. Select a high-dry-top, well-drained plot for the seedbed. Apply 10 kg of compost organic fertilizer or 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer per square meter for 5–7 days before planting. After the soil is applied before the site preparation, it is deeply turned, flattened, and covered with a plastic film to be sown. (2) sowing. Spring Lettuce, greenhouse seedlings sown, first uncover the seedlings on the film, pouring enough water, after the water infiltration, the seeds were mixed in a small amount of fine sand or fine soil and spread after sowing. 10-30 square meters seedbed seeds 25-30 grams. After the sowing, cover soil 0.30-0.50 cm, cover the membrane tightly, and cover the shade net or grasshopper insulation at night. The open field nursery is covered with a small shed. Before the seedlings were unearthed, cover the cover early and keep the seedbed temperature. After the seedlings have been unearthed, they are properly ventilated and kept at a bed temperature of 12°C-20°C during the day and 5°C-8°C at night. 4. When planting and managing planting, choose a well-drained fill, and apply 4,000-5,000 kg of organic fertilizer per acre. Deep-leveling, made 1.20-1.50 meters wide sorghum. Before raising the seedlings, water the seedbed first. Overwintering lettuce, 40 days old seedlings were planted with mulching, 30-30 cm 30-40 cm. After the survival of topdressing 1-2 times fainted water, should pay attention to the hardening of the seedlings before winter, should not be too fertilizer and water, to prevent excessive growth during the seedling stage, to reapply a cold water. The weeds were cleared in time in the spring and light cultivators were used once. The topdressing concentration was from small to large. After the stems began to expand, the frequency of topdressing decreased and the concentration decreased. The use of plastic film and greenhouse cultivation should be enough base fertilizer, pay attention to ventilation management. Spring lettuce, seedling age 25-30 days, 5-6 leaf when the colonization, plant spacing 20 cm 27 cm, depth to bury the first base of the petiole is appropriate. Lettuce listed with lettuce, spacing 15 cm 20 cm. Covered with mulching film, the base fertilizer should be applied at one time, and the mulch film should be well covered to prevent water stains on rainy days. Greenhouses and open field cultivation, selected sunny and warm weather cultivating 1-2 times, timely watering topdressing, early feces and ground pouring, to keep the surface wet, when the plants are basically closed ridge, can tender plants listed. With stems as the product, 15 kg of urea is poured 1-2 times per mu. 5. Diseases and Insects Control Lettuce downy mildew, use 75% chlorothalonil WP wettable powder 600-800 times, or 58% Lei Duomi 500 times, or 40% edestrol WP 200 times, or 72% Lectra 800 times fluid and other rotating spray. Lettuce sclerotinia, with 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 700 times, 50% skeletal WP 1500 times, 50% acetaminophen WP 1000 times and other rotation. Lettuce black spot, with 50% puff WP 1500 times, 40% captan WP 400 times, 70% PEG Mn Zn wettable powder 500 times, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times liquid spray.