Dairy cattle breeding technology


First, raising dairy cows must ensure that good varieties of dairy cows are a prerequisite for making money for dairy cows. China's Holstein cow (commonly known as the Chinese black-and-white flower) is the only cow breed in China. Its milk production performance is very good. In China's Beijing, Shanghai and other large-scale dairy cows, Chinese Holstein cows have an average annual milk yield per head. Up to 8,000 kilograms, the individual high-level dairy farms have set an annual output of 10,000 kilograms as their goal for nearly two or three years. Farmers want to engage in dairy farming, they must recognize the species and must purchase Chinese Holstein cows.
(1) Ning deficiency and non-infant dairy cow breeds With the rapid development of the national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, the dairy cow industry has become a sunrise industry in animal husbandry. “Cow raising cows can become rich” has become a common training for the majority of farmers. The dairy products and market competition of the dairy groups has become increasingly fierce. The overall appearance and a healthy dairy farming community have mushroomed. These favorable factors have further increased people's enthusiasm for investing in dairy cows. In the current situation, raising dairy cows is indeed profitable, but it must not be rushed for success. It must be kept in mind that dairy cows are more likely to be indiscriminate.
If dairy cows are bred with the second generation or third generation of yellow years as cows, farmers will suffer huge economic losses. Although these hybrid offsprings have characteristics similar to those of dairy cows in terms of appearance and appearance, they have poor milk production performance. The more these cows are raised, the more they will raise and the more they will accompany them. Because the yellow cattle is a domestic cattle breed, the milk yield is very low. Using the cattle as female parent and the Chinese Holstein cow as male parent, although the color of the second-generation or third-generation coat has become similar to the color of the Holstein cows, the milk production performance is different from that of the Chinese Holstein cows. .
In the case of shortage of elite cows, there are still some people who use the hybrids of Chinese Holstein cows and Simmental cows as cows. This is also an undesirable practice in the long run. Under good husbandry and management conditions, this hybrid first- and second-generation cow generally has a milk production capacity of 4,000-5,000 kilograms. The use of this milk-and-milk variety as a dairy cow breed raises the cost of raising the cow, which is very high in the milk market. Today, it may be a little profit to keep such a cow as a dairy cow. However, when the milk market declines, it is inevitable that such a cow should be kept as a cow.
(B) Misconception of crossbreeding Some people think that using the best semen of semen cows to improve the local herd, the hybrid generation will contain 50% of the cow genes, the hybrid generation will contain 75% of the cow genes, and the hybrid three generations contain 87.5% The genes of dairy cows, and so on, can improve dairy cows in less than a few years. In fact, this is a very wrong idea. The performance of hybrid cattle and the genes transmitted by them cannot be extrapolated from simple numbers.
Breeding of breeds is not a simple cross. Chinese Holstein cows are bred from the crossbreeding of Dutch Holstein cows and Chinese yellow cattle after decades of breeding.
(3) Government departments should pay attention to supporting work At present, raising dairy cows is a hot topic throughout the country. The enthusiasm of farming households for breeding is very high. The government must increase support and help farmers to correctly introduce the provenance of cows.
The thoroughbred dairy cows are in short supply, and cow breeds are inevitably mixed. Under such circumstances, local government departments should give full play to their own service functions and take advantage of the technical advantages of the local animal husbandry and veterinary departments to actively help farmers close the good dairy cattle breeds.
(4) The purchase of dairy cows requires the Bank of China to hire staff to purchase dairy cows. The cost of a dairy cow is more than 10,000 yuan. Farmers who are fooled by the fact that dairy cows cannot be identified will cause significant economic losses. Farmers should open up their minds, establish awareness of market economy, hire experienced professional and technical personnel or experts to help them purchase milk cows, turn good dairy cattle varieties off, and lay a good foundation for creating good economic returns.
Second, high-yield dairy cows (a) technical essentials
1, correctly massage the breasts, the traditional dairy cow feeding does not attach importance to the massage, even if the massage method posture is wrong, the time is not well mastered, and some even rub a few breasts before the squeeze finished, seriously affecting the milk production.
Correct massage method: massage the breast surface with both hands before milking, then press the breasts to make the breasts bulge, the blood vessels on the surface of the skin become numb, light red, the skin temperature rises, and the touch is very hard. This is the breast feeding. Symbolizes milking immediately. The massage time before milking is controlled in about 2 minutes.
2. High-performance milking The milk that is squeezed out of the breast comes from two aspects: one is stored in the breast, and the other is milked on the other side. If milking is improper, the milk is difficult to squeeze out. Only by grasping the correct milking method and meeting the physiology of lactation can the best lactation results be achieved. Techniques and points: First, close the tube between the teat canal and the milk pool by using both hands, and then press the nipple with the middle finger, ring finger, and little finger in order to fully press the milk out of the teat tube; then, relax all the fingers to make the milk pool. After the milk is filled again in the teat tube, it is pressed for the second time. This is repeated until the milk is squeezed. One of the main points is that the valve is tight, the second one is forceful, and the third is the speed of breast pumping. It requires 80-120 milkings per minute and 1.6-2.2 kilograms of milk.
(II) Drinking Water Technology Seven water is an essential nutrient for cattle. The lack of water in dairy cows causes the disease to be faster and more serious than the lack of any nutrition. 87% of milk is composed of water, and the amount of milk required per kilogram of milk at different temperatures is:
4.4°C—2.08 kg
10°C—2.17 kg
15.6°C—2.42 kg
26.7°C—2.92 kg
32.2 °C - 3.83 kilograms of experiments show that the cow can create automatic drinking water conditions than fixed 2 - 3 times a day drinking water more than 20%. In addition, when the temperature below 12 °C to give cattle drink warm water.
(III) Postpartum care
1. After the childbirth, the cow is fed bran skin water at 30-40°C. Among them, about 1 kilogram of bran, about 100 grams of salt, and about 10 kilograms of water.
2. Within one week after delivery, the cow feeds according to the recovery status of the cow's physical fitness.
(D) a reasonable adjustment of the nutritional ratio of dairy cows to produce more milk, ultimately relying on a comprehensive and reasonable nutritional ratio. The traditional dairy cows are often fed with more than enough rations and nutrition, some of them are too nutritious, and are seriously wasted; some of the nutrient supply is insufficient, and the performance of dairy cows is declining. Therefore, according to different nutritional requirements, different feed ratios should be properly allocated during different milk production periods.
Third, common dairy cows keep the wrong area (a) the more feed the better the better.
As the economic benefits of dairy cows increase for farmers, many dairy farmers have given their cows double protection to feed cows with diets containing a large proportion of concentrates, which often leads to metabolic disease and other nutritional diseases in dairy cows. Because cows are ruminants, the proportion of roughage in their diet should generally not be less than 60%.
(b) The longer the milking time, the better. The lactation period of dairy cows is generally 305 days. However, in production, some dairy farmers have milked milk from milking to no milk. This practice causes cows to over-consume nutrients in the body, making it more difficult for the cow to conceive, and thus affecting the increase in milk production. Therefore, milk must be milked during the lactation period of dairy cows and there must be a certain period of dry milk so that the cows have enough time to supplement their physical strength and loss of nutrition.
(c) Reduction in dry milk period.
Dairy cows produce milk in the puerperium, the loss of nutrients in the body, and the need for nutrition such as pregnancy and embryonic development all require nutrition during the dry period. Many dairy cows think that they should not feed milk when they are not milking. The amount of fine feeds results in lower lyrics before labor, time-consuming and time-consuming production, low milk production, and weak yak output. Therefore, except for the amount of concentrate feed that is appropriately reduced a few days after the first few days after the start of milk production, the amount of concentrate in the dry-milk period is appropriate to account for 0.8%-0.9% of the body weight of the cow.
(D) Dairy cows have strong disease resistance and sanitation does not matter.
In fact, cows are very sensitive to the environment and do not brush cows for a long period of time. There is no guarantee that the drying, ventilation, and hygiene of the cowshed will affect the health of dairy cows or directly affect milk production.
(e) early mating, premature delivery, early milking.
Due to the early milking and early gaining psychology, many dairy cattle farmers have been bred for less than 18 months before they are broiled and bred with less than 250 kg of body weight. This often severely affects the quality of the cow’s pregnancy and can easily lead to dystocia and cause dairy cows. Premature aging, the correct breeding time should be 18 months in the Yak to the right, weighing about 400kg.
(6) Supporting worry and worry.
Many dairy farmers raise their dairy cows with ropes and necks regardless of the site or due to lack of scientific knowledge. Directly limit the movement of dairy cows and affect their constitution. Feeding on the gizzards of pregnant cows during pregnancy will affect the growth of the fetus and cause obstetric diseases such as dystocia and obstruction of the placenta.

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