Three principles of balanced fertilization

At present, the issues of food security and environmental safety are highly valued in all countries of the world, and the issues related to balanced fertilization have also received widespread attention from industry experts and the public. At the World Fertilizer Agriculture Conference recently held, US experts put forward three best principles for fertilization on issues of balanced fertilization in China and around the world. These principles have very good reference and guidance significance for the soil testing and fertilizer application that is being carried out in China.

Optimal nutrient ratio

According to experts, the vast majority of crops have their specific territoriality and seasonality, and their growth is affected by many factors such as cultivated varieties, field management methods, and climatic conditions. To determine the optimum ratio of fertilizing nutrients, we must first develop a realistic and reasonable crop yield target. According to this production target, the use of fertilizers can be reasonably arranged. Over- or under-application of fertilizers will result in a decrease in nutrient use efficiency. According to reports, the most effective way to determine the soil itself to provide nutrients to crops is to measure the soil. This is also the “test soil” loop in which we are conducting soil testing and fertilizer application. It is the basis for determining the proportion of fertilizer. However, the unavoidable problem is that, in many parts of the world including China, the conditions for soil testing are not perfect, and they still require technical and financial support.

In addition, the experts also introduced a simple method to determine crop nutrient requirements, which is called the elliptical method. That is, two identical test plots were selected for comparative experiments, and NPK fertilizer was applied to Tanaka first to determine crop yield targets. Then apply some fertilizer to one of the experimental plots to determine the effect of the nutrient on crop yield. Through repeated comparison experiments, it can be concluded that under the different yield targets, the optimum ratio of nutrients can be obtained, and then fertilization can be performed according to this ratio of nutrients.

Optimum timing of fertilization

Experts pointed out that to improve nutrient utilization, especially the use of nitrogen, to achieve the purpose of balanced fertilization, we must also grasp the timing of fertilization. That is, when a certain nutrient is urgently needed during the growth period of a crop, it is timely supplemented.

In order to ensure the supply of nitrogen during crop growth, the best time for fertilization is not missed. At the same time, in order to simplify the working procedures, experts recommend the use of nitrogen stabilizers to suppress the release of nitrogen and synchronize it with crop growth needs. The principle of nitrogen stabilizers is to prevent the occurrence of nitrification in the soil, thereby slowing the conversion of nitrogen fertilizers to nitrates, which can also increase the utilization of nitrogen.

In addition, the application of slow-control fertilizers can also effectively grasp the optimal timing of fertilization. In the past, the cost of most slow-control fertilizers was higher than that of general nitrogen fertilizers, and it was usually used only for the production of horticultural crops or turf. However, in recent years, with the continuous progress in production technology, the cost of slow-control fertilizers has been greatly reduced. It is understood that in China, scientific research institutes such as the Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Modernization at the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Shenyang Institute of Ecological Applications at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed slow- and controlled-release fertilizers that are suitable for field crops regardless of price or effect. The combination of soil testing and fertilization will give full play to its advantages and bring tangible benefits to farmers.

By applying slow-control fertilizers produced by adding stabilizers and using envelopes, etc., it is possible to effectively grasp the optimum timing of crop nutrient requirements, thereby ensuring stable production and high yields.

The best fertilization method

Experts believe that in order to ensure the efficiency of chemical fertilizers, it is critical to use appropriate fertilization methods. There are many types of fertilization, and there are common forms and depths of fertilization. There are basic and top-dressing methods for fertilizing time. In general, regardless of the method of fertilization, it is best to use strips on the soil surface. Because nutrient and soil contact area is small, it can reduce the nutrient loss caused by leaching and fixed reaction, and improve fertilizer utilization.

There are many factors affecting fertilization methods, such as crop varieties, soil conditions, weather conditions, etc. These factors must be taken into full consideration when selecting fertilization methods, in order to ensure the highest utilization of fertilizer.

All in all, increasing the utilization of nutrients in fertilizers is a common problem faced by the fertilizer industry and agricultural production, and must be given enough attention by relevant parties. In the process of improving the utilization rate of fertilizers, we must take a cautious approach and adopt a scientific and rational principle of balanced fertilization. Increasing the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers must not be at the cost of harming the economic interests of farmers and harming the environment.

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