Laboratory Biosafety Likang Marketing Department---Dong Yong Laboratory biosafety is not only the personal health of laboratory personnel. In the event of an accident, it is very likely to cause unpredictable harm to people, animals or plants; the occurrence of laboratory biosafety accidents is difficult to avoid completely, important It is the laboratory staff who should know in advance the risks of the activities undertaken and should engage in relevant activities where the risks are controlled to an acceptable level. Laboratory staff should be aware of, but should not be, excessively dependent on the safety and security of laboratory facilities. The root cause of most biosafety accidents is the lack of biosafety awareness and management. More than 20 cases of Hantavirus infection occurred in 1964-1988. In 2003 , the national CDC SARS virus infection incident was caused by the lack of biosafety awareness; foreign scholars pike statistically found 3921 laboratory-related infections, 65% of unknown The cause of infection is because the pathogenic microorganisms form infectious aerosols that spread with the air, and laboratory personnel inhale the contaminated air. In 2004 , the State Council’s Order No. 424 and the national standard GB19489 clearly pointed out that the biological safety cabinet is essential for the protection of workers. The main safety equipment; hospital clinical laboratory, diagnosis, pathological analysis, oncology drug preparation and related biomedical research institutes, laboratories should use biological safety cabinets; The factors that lead to biosafety are : rodents, insects, etc. can pose a threat to the health of laboratory workers; potential pathogenic microorganisms that may be carried in laboratory specimens or biological materials are often unknown and diverse; and subjective factors are also Important factors leading to bio-safety, such as heavy workload, tight time and unsound management system, have led some inspectors to have insufficient understanding of potential hidden dangers, lack of sterile concept, and poor self-protection awareness. Disinfection and isolation system operation, no wearing work hats, gloves, masks, not washing hands and disinfecting in time, even using contaminated hands or wearing contaminated gloves to answer the phone, drinking, eating, smoking or wearing work clothes in the workplace into the lounge It is the cause of biosafety. Managers should put occupational safety education at an important position. As an important part of induction training and on-the-job education, they should attach importance to and strengthen occupational safety training, strengthen protection awareness, improve protection system, and strengthen protection infrastructure. Promote standardized protection management and strengthen occupational protection education for inspectors Basic Concepts Generally, biosafety laboratories comprising: an aerosol, is suspended in a gas medium refers to a particle size of between 0.001-100 μ m; air lock means comprising a mechanical ventilation system feeding, the entire disinfection and The airtight chamber with the condition of bacteria and pressure can be monitored. The door has an interlocking function and cannot be in the open state at the same time. The directional airflow refers to the directional airflow from the small pollution probability area to the area with high pollution probability; the buffer room refers to the time when needed. Set the mechanical ventilation system, the door has interlocking function; the laboratory protection zone, the area has high biological risk, and needs to strictly control the area of ​​airtightness, airflow, personnel entry and personal protection; risk assessment: refers to assessing the risk And the process of determining whether it is acceptable; risk control: refers to the comprehensive measures taken to reduce risks; these are the basis for understanding biosafety.    The design principles and basic requirements of laboratory biosafety include : compliance with national and environmental protection regulations; fire prevention and safety passage settings comply with national fire protection regulations, consider biosafety; emergency evacuation routes and signs; temperature and humidity illumination noise cleanliness meets requirements; animal experiments The room should consider the protection of potential biological hazards; do not recycle the air from the animal laboratory; The infectiousness and harmfulness of infectious diseases are different, and infectious diseases are classified into four hazard levels. First-level hazard micro-organisms: not related to human adult health and disease; second-level hazard micro-organisms: diseases caused by humans are rarely serious, and usually have methods of prevention and treatment; third-level hazard micro-organisms: In humans can cause serious or lethal diseases, there may be methods of prevention and treatment; fourth-level hazard group microorganisms: diseases that can cause serious or lethal diseases in humans, but usually no methods of prevention and treatment, such as Bacillus anthracis, cholera arc Bacteria, Ebola, variola virus, etc. The biosafety protection laboratory is divided into four biosafety levels: P1 , P2 , P3 and P4 according to the degree of damage of microorganisms and their toxins; The first-level laboratory is generally suitable for microorganisms that have no pathogenic effect on healthy adults. P1 laboratory requirements: hand washing pool, storage or hanging equipment should be installed at the door, walls, floors, etc. are easy to clean and waterproof; equipment placement does not hinder Escape and first aid; natural or mechanical ventilation; Secondary laboratories are suitable for microorganisms with moderate potential hazards to humans and the environment; P2 laboratory requirements: above P1 requirements; doors can be automatically closed, have access to the control room; equipped with eyewash devices; should be in the laboratory for the operation of pathogenic microorganisms It is equipped with a biological safety cabinet; the safety cabinets that are exhausted indoors should be provided with ventilation and ventilation conditions; important equipment such as: CO2 incubator, ultra-low temperature refrigerator, etc. should have backup power supply; P2+ laboratory : Laminar flow laboratory with “upper and lower rowâ€; 1000 cubic ventilating safety cabinet, the air volume is equivalent to 5 air conditioners, and the general room is 2.5 , so 5 + 2.5 horses (prepared Between) +2.5 horses (excessive), a total of 10 horses; when installing the outer pipe, straight row: need to install a shut-off valve to prevent the negative pressure caused by the negative pressure in the confined space, this situation is recommended to open Type interface; linkage row (system row): need to add linkage device, if the pipeline length requires high-power three-phase fan, install fixed flow valve to independently control fan flow; The tertiary laboratory is suitable for pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins that cause serious or even lethal diseases mainly through the respiratory route; P3 laboratory is divided into two types, cell level and animal level, the first P3 experiment in China. The room was built in 1987 and was mainly used for AIDS research. P3 laboratory requirements: negative pressure laboratory, operating level 3 biological factors, sub-assisted work area and protection area, a total of about 5 rooms, the bearing of the transfer window in the room is able to bear the pressure and airtightness to meet the requirements of the region. The airflow flows from the low-risk area to the high-risk area, and the airflow is directed to prevent eddy current; the air is discharged or replenished through the filter; the water system is provided with anti-backflow device; the minimum ventilation of each room in the protection zone is not less than 15pa ; Sterilization device; when starting the laboratory ventilation system, the laboratory exhaust should be started first, then the laboratory air supply should be started; when shutting down, the biological safety cabinet and the exhaust pipe closed valve should be closed first, then the laboratory air supply should be closed. Closed valve, finally closed laboratory exhaust and closed valve; The four-level laboratory is suitable for pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins that are highly dangerous to the human body, which are transmitted or transmitted through the aerosol route and have no known effective vaccine or treatment method. P4 laboratory refers to the biosafety level four experiment. It is dedicated to the research of severe infectious diseases and is the highest level of biosafety laboratory in the world. GB19489 General requirements for biosafety : First: Strengthen the construction of safety facilities and provide sufficient bio-safety equipment to deal with emergencies. Second: Strive to do a good job in the biosafety isolation system and personal protective equipment. Internationally-recognized hazard signs are marked at each entrance and exit of the laboratory. Establish various test records and formulate corresponding operational procedures and management documents to strengthen personal protection, including physical protection and vaccine immunization. Physical protection is mainly for the protection of respiratory tract and eyes, such as windshields, masks, protective masks, Positive pressure helmets and positive pressure overalls. Third: do a good job of specimen collection and reception, waste disposal, and classified collection. Strictly implement the standardized management principles of sealing, marking and sterilizing, and transport them to designated locations according to the prescribed time and route, and be burned by special personnel. Fourth: Strengthening the training of personnel is an important part of preventing and controlling laboratory infections and ensuring biosafety. Strictly establish various operational specifications, individual behavioral norms, good internal standards, and clearing and disinfection after experiments and tests. The specification of sterilization enables the staff to ideologically recognize the importance of biosafety and to implement biosafety prevention into daily work. Strive to strengthen the sense of responsibility and achieve self-monitoring, control and management. Biological safety cabinet purchase precautions, 1 , if the biological test only involves microbial samples, you can use the basic type of biosafety cabinet; 2 , if the biological test involves microbial samples and trace chemical reagents (non-corrosive), use equipment Safety cabinets for venting pipes are necessary. Because HEPA filters do not effectively filter and remove chemical gases, if they are not efflux, they will pose a threat to the workers and the environment in the laboratory; 3. If biological tests involve cytotoxic drugs, such as various cancer treatments, The cytotoxic safety cabinet used, such as the use of Li Kang brand B2 type second biological safety cabinet. In addition, a clear understanding of the distinction between biosafety cabinets and fume hoods / clean benches is required. Fume hoods and clean benches are not biosafety cabinets and should not be used in experiments or production processes involving microbial materials. Fume hoods (ventilation cabinets) are designed to remove corrosive chemical gases and toxic fumes during chemical experiments. The fume hood does not effectively remove microbial media because it is not equipped with a HEPA filter. Microbiological samples placed in the fume hood will spread out of the cabinet and contaminate the laboratory environment. The ultra-clean workbench (clean bench) is designed to protect the test piece or product. It prevents the test article or product from being contaminated by dust or bacteria outside the work area by blowing vertical or horizontal laminar air through the work area. Once the microbial sample is placed in the work area, laminar air will create a hazard by blowing air with microbial media to the front desk staff. To sum up: Biosafety requires our staff not only to improve subjectively, to understand the biosafety laboratory construction specifications and management processes, but also to equip with reasonable biosafety equipment and strictly follow the biosafety general process; Plasma Products,Anti-Hbs,Safe Plasma,Safe Plasma Storage Sichuan Yuanda Shuyang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , https://www.syimmunoglobulin.com