Occurrence and Prevention of Abnormal Seedlings in Winter Wheat

The seedling period of winter wheat refers to the vegetative growth of long leaves, long roots, and long pods before the jointing of seedlings and wheat. Wheat seedlings will experience a cold winter. If they are not well managed, they will form malformed seedlings, frozen seedlings, yellow seedlings, and dead seedlings, which will result in seedlings and ridges that will seriously affect the yield of wheat. The following describes the formation of several abnormal seedlings and control methods:

First, seedlings and needles

Cause: The sowing quality is not good. For example, if the broadcast volume is too large, the machine walks unevenly during planting, or the site preparation before planting is not good, the seedlings will be easily formed; the seedlings will be deeply planted, and the seedlings will be severely pressed after repression. In particular, the straw crushed to the field, the quality of straw smashed If the soil is not good or the soil is bright and dark, the emergence of wheat seedlings will cause the erection of needles. In addition, in order to prevent the freezing of the wheat seedlings, the application of the earth-fertilizer seedlings is too thick, and when the spring wheat seedlings stand up, it is easy to form a standing needle seedling. There are few leaves on the stand, and the seedlings grow thin enough to form enough tillers. If it is due to the deep seeding caused by the needle-seedlings, splitting the soil layer, it can be found that the stem in the ground is very long, affecting the development of wheat seedlings.

Control methods: 1 Fine soil preparation before sowing, the general depth of 20-25 cm of arable land is appropriate, should reach the plow layer on the Panasonic, bottom squat adequate, ground finely crushed, no obvious slag. 2 to improve the quality of sowing, to grasp the appropriate depth of sowing, generally controlled at 3-5 cm, not too deep and shallow, and the next species should be uniform. 3 Grasp the appropriate amount of sowing should be based on soil strength, variety, yield and determine the germination of wheat seed. 4 For planting seedlings and seedlings that have been densely and deeply planted, remove the excess seedlings as soon as possible to make full use of the earth's power and light energy so that the individuals grow robustly. 5 timely pouring wheat frozen water. In order to make the weak seedlings strong, consolidate the pre-winter bran, increase the spring equinox, combined with freezing water to topdressing fertilizer, usually 15-20 kg of urea per acre.

Second, Huang Miao

Causes: poor site preparation quality, dark and bright dust, loose soil, and unreal rooting, resulting in shrinkage of yellow leaves of wheat seedlings; application of under-fertilized base fertilizer, or excessive application of seed fertilizer to cause seed or seedlings to burn; poor sensation Sowing too deep makes the wheat seedlings thin and thin, and the leaves are slender and yellow; the wheat fields with poor fertility are sown prematurely; the wheat seedlings are too prosperous, and no base fertilizer or topdressing is not timely; the wheat seedlings are yellow due to lack of nutrition; poor soil ventilation and root system The development is not good, the wheat is thin and the leaves are white, and the leaves are yellow; the soil lacks nitrogen and phosphorus, especially when the phosphorus deficiency fertilizer is severe; the yellow leaf seedlings are small; the underground pests and root rot diseases form yellow seedlings.

From the emergence of wheat to jointing, as long as there is found in the field there are weak seedlings, seedlings, yellow leaves, yellow heart, yellow peony and other yellow seedlings.

Control methods: 1 For yellow seedlings that are poorly developed due to poor lye or due to excessive planting, bamboo mulches should be used to remove topsoil to help unearth the wheat seedlings, or to clean up, so that the tillering section can be covered with shallow soil to promote the growth of wheat seedlings. 2 For yellow seedlings that are formed due to poor soil viscous and heavy ventilation, they should loosen the soil in time and spread ventilation. 3 For soils lacking nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers, make up for available nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers in order to make the wheat seedlings as strong as possible. 4 For yellow seedlings caused by the application of insufficiently mature organic fertilizer or excessive application of fertilizers, watering should be immediately diluted to effect fertilizer. 5 For yellow seedlings caused by underground pests and root rot, technical measures such as cultivating, buckwheat, and watering may be adopted to promote their transformation. If Huang Miao has the potential to continue to develop into a dead seedling, it is necessary to seize the time to inspect seedlings for replanting or transplanting to prevent the seedlings from being cut off.

Third, dead seedlings. Dead seedlings can be divided into three situations: dead heart, dead cockroach and leaf dead.

Causes: poor soil preparation; too much or too little watering of the wheat; cracking of the soil and cracking of the soil, causing the roots of the wheat seedlings to be cut off; excessive watering in the winter, resulting in freezing water in the area of ​​the ground and death of the asphyxiated roots; The organic fertilizer or fertilization unevenly fired seedlings; seeding too early, the wheat seedlings growing too prosperous; winter suddenly encountered low temperatures, wheat seedlings were severely frozen; pests and diseases, etc., and the above-mentioned yellow seedlings, frozen seedlings will be deadly when severe.

Prevention methods: 1 Soil preparation before sowing, so that the formation of the surface, loose layers of plough, straw crushed, uniform base fertilizer, good lyrical. 2 Prevent excessive water when watering to avoid suffocating seedlings. 3 When organic manure is used as base fertilizer, be sure to apply adequately cooked organic fertilizer and spread evenly, and do not leave excreta. 4 sowing should not be too early, to be broadcast in due course, so as not to grow too busy. 5 Do a good job of prevention and control of pests and diseases. 6 Forbid wheat grazing. Wheat grazing will cause damage to the wheat seedlings and the roots will be pulled off to cause dead seedlings. The green leaves that remain during the winter will be able to carry out photosynthesis after returning green. It is the main source of nutrients needed to restore growth in the spring, and therefore wheat grazing is strictly prohibited.

Fourth, the stale seedlings and small old seedlings are the stagnant growth of the seedlings, long-term stay in a certain leaf age, regardless of pods, no hair roots; small old seedlings, refers to the growth of wheat seedlings after a certain number of leaves and tillers, The growth is slow, the leaves are short, and the relationship between childbirth and extension is damaged.

Causes: soil compaction, poor permeability, thin soil layer, poor soil fertility or insufficient fertilizer supply.

Control methods: Loosen the topsoil and remove the compaction. In combination with returning pulp during the top of the Ling, apply a suitable amount of phosphorus and potash fertilizers in order to accelerate the growth of wheat seedlings.

In addition, the management of Wang Miao should be done: Control measures should be taken for plots with fertile soil and sufficient base fertilizer to postpone the first time of fertilization and watering in the spring; Management, appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer to prevent defertilization.

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