In order to do a good job in field management in the middle and late stages of cotton growth this year, and promote the stable development of cotton production, according to the weather conditions in different producing areas and actual cotton growth, the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center and the cotton expert steering group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs have studied and formulated the "2020 Cotton Production Management Technical Guidance Opinions in the Middle and Late Period.

Northwest Inland Cotton Region

In response to the situation of Xinjiang's epidemic prevention and control in mid-to-late July, time-sharing management was organized in an orderly manner to ensure both epidemic prevention and field management.

1. Strengthen the collaborative management of drought resistance and fertilizer and water temperature. Early rainfall and severe drought conditions, especially the continuous high temperature in northern Xinjiang in the early period, required water ahead of schedule. In order to ensure the water demand for cotton and prevent the fall of buds and bells and premature aging caused by high temperature and insufficient fertilizer and water, a good irrigation system should be deployed and a small amount should be used. Multiple, high-frequency drip irrigation and fertilizer-water integration technology ensure cotton water and reduce high temperature stress.

2. Strengthen the management of premature aging cotton fields. In the northwest inland cotton area, the proportion of low- and medium-yield cotton fields is large, with low fertility and prone to premature aging, which seriously affects yield and quality. It is necessary to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water in cotton fields, so as to achieve stable application of nitrogen fertilizer, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and do a good job in foliar fertilizer control.

3. Strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases. Focus on the prevention and control of cotton verticillium wilt, cotton aphids, bugs, cotton bollworms, spider mites and other diseases and insect pests, strengthen the management of biological bacteria fertilizer and pesticides, and reduce the damage of cotton diseases and insects to the lowest point.

4. Strengthen the management of disastrous climate response. Disastrous weather such as hailstorms occurs frequently in the middle and late stages of cotton growth, and attention should be paid to real-time understanding of weather forecasts and manual intervention in time. For cotton fields with hail disasters, the extent of the disaster should be correctly judged in time and scientific remedial measures should be taken.

5. Strengthen cotton harvest management. Reasonable selection of defoliation ripening agents, spraying defoliation ripening agents in strict accordance with the technical standards and requirements of defoliation and ripening; do a good job in the prevention and control of the "three silks" in cotton fields, especially hand-picked cotton fields, and prohibit the use of chemical woven bags for harvesting. Prevent foreign fibers such as residual film and hair from being mixed in; clean up the machine-picked cotton fields, remove various drip irrigation facilities and other obstacles such as drip irrigation belts, branch pipes, etc.; do a good job in maintenance and test harvesting of cotton pickers to increase the net harvest rate , Recovery rate to prevent fire.

Yellow River Basin Cotton Area

Since August, the weather has been mainly cloudy and rainy, and cotton is prone to lengthening, which is not conducive to boll formation. In the later period, the field is cloudy and rainy and there is a high risk of boll blight. The following management measures should be strengthened.

1. Flood management. In case of heavy rain in the later period, there will still be water in the field that cannot seep in the cotton field within 3 days, and the water should be released or pumped to drain the water in time. After draining the waterlogging as soon as possible, straighten the fallen cotton plants and push the plants together to promote the evaporation of water in the field.

2. Scientific control. Continuous rainy weather can easily cause the cotton to grow late in the growth period, which will affect the setting of bells and the ventilation and light conditions in the field. Therefore, chemical control and management should be strengthened in time. For chemical control in non-rainy weather, the monocrop cotton field should be sprayed with 5-7 grams per mu. Cotton-garlic, cotton-wheat, cotton-watermelon, cotton-potato and other intercropping cotton fields, according to the early growth of cotton, according to the principle of light before and heavy, small amount and multiple times. 4-5 grams.

3. Prevent bad bells. Cotton boll rotten is mainly affected by the ventilation conditions in the field and needs to be prevented in advance. The cotton plant type can be controlled through the whole process of chemical control, and the conditions of canopy closure between rows can be improved. In case of continuous rainy weather, push the plants and ridges together to increase the ventilation and light conditions in the field to prevent the occurrence of rotten bells.

4. Prevent pests. Focus on the prevention and control of bugs and lepidopteran pests. Insert yellow sticky insect boards in cotton fields for the monitoring of worm bugs, 4-6 pieces per mu, placed 20 cm above the cotton canopy. When there are more than 2 worm bugs on any sticky bug board, Need to be sprayed for prevention and treatment. 50 ml of 22% sulfoxaflor suspension or 8 g of 25% thiamethoxam water dispersible granules can be used per mu, and sprayed in the evening. The spraying of the medicament needs to be carried out 2 times continuously, with an interval of 5-7 days. When there are more than 50 larvae of beet armyworm per 100 plants, or 20 young larvae of cotton bollworm, 10 grams of 5% emamectin benzoate soluble granules or 20% chlorantraniliprole suspension can be used per acre. Spray 10ml for prevention and control, focusing on the top center and the top part of the fruit branches.

5. Ripe harvest. At the end of September and the beginning of October, spray 40% ethephon for ripening, with a dosage of 200-300 grams per mu. After spitting out the cotton, pick it manually in time, every 15 days or so. Pickers must wear special cotton picking suits to prevent hair and other foreign fibers from falling into the seed cotton. If the moisture content of the cotton picked is more than 12%, it needs to be air-dried. Choose a cement floor with guardrails to prevent livestock and poultry from entering, and lay down pure cotton cloth baggage until the moisture content is below 12%. Yellow ripe bells, rotten bells, dead-petal flowers, and post-frost flowers should be picked, dried, stored and sold separately. Where conditions permit, mechanical harvesting is promoted, and defoliation and ripening will be carried out in late September. The defoliant adopts 50% thidiazuron wettable powder with a dosage of 40 grams per mu; the ripening agent adopts 40% ethephon, with a dosage of 250-350 grams per mu, and is sprayed as a mixture. In mid-to-late October, a cotton picker will be used for one-time harvesting, and the cotton will be put directly into inventory after harvest.

Cotton area in the Yangtze River Basin

Affected by low temperature, severe rain and waterlogging, and low light, cotton dead seedlings, stubborn seedlings, and late detection are serious, the growth process is delayed by about 20 days compared with normal years, the nutritional growth is seriously insufficient, and the buds and bells fall off seriously. Due to the strengthening of field management, the hazards of low temperature and low temperature and waterlogging have been reduced, and the extent of production reduction has been reduced.

1. Management in the middle and late stages of nursery and transplanting cotton fields.

(1) Draining waterlogging and reducing waterlogging. Water should be removed as soon as possible, branch ditches and furrows should be cleaned, and the groundwater level should be lowered to facilitate the recovery of cotton growth. Timely intertillage and weeding can break soil compaction, increase ground temperature, and accelerate cotton plant growth.

(2) Reasonable fertilization. Reapplying flower bell fertilizers can promote the extension of the middle and upper fruit branches and the flowering and setting of bells. For the cotton fields where the flower-bell fertilizer is not applied for the second time, it should be topdressed in time, with 15-20 kg of urea and 30 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer per mu. Increase the application of top-cap fertilizer, and apply 4-5 kg ​​of urea per mu before the end of August to ensure the continuous supply of root nutrients and meet the nutrient needs of a large number of bells. For cotton fields with high soil fertility, no or less topping fertilizer may be applied. Foliar fertilizer should be applied in general, and foliar fertilizer should be added before the first ten days of September, with 1%-2% urea and 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution evenly sprayed 2-3 times.

(3) Timely control. This year, cotton is generally late to mature and mature. The highest temperature is above 20℃ for 3-5 days in mid-October. 200-300 ml of 40% ethephon can be used per acre with 40-50 kg of water to ripen the whole field. The upper and lower leaves of the cotton plant are evenly coated with the medicine. The ripening agent is prepared for immediate use. If it rains 8 hours after spraying, it should be sprayed.

(4) Pruning in time. Combined with topping, it can remove ineffective branches, extraneous buds, and side centers of cotton, remove empty branches, late buds and invalid flower buds, and promote effective nutrient supply.

(5) Prevent and control pests. In the flowering and boll period, a variety of pests in cotton fields are concentrated, and it is also the period when cotton blight and Verticillium wilt occur, which should be controlled in time. Focus on the prevention and control of Prodenia litura and Bemisia tabaci, use biological agents to control the second larvae, use attractants in the adult stage, and use 50% nitridin when the large number of Bemisia tabaci occurs (more than 3 per square centimeter) Amine soluble granules 15,000 times liquid spray. The spread of "two wilts" can be controlled by increasing potassium fertilizer, draining waterlogging and reducing waterlogging, and applying foliar fertilizer.

(6) Disaster prevention and mitigation. Focus on fighting drought, draining waterlogging and reducing waterlogging, especially after typhoons and rains, promptly manage cotton plants, and carry out extra-root fertilization according to the actual conditions of cotton plants after the disaster to promote the recovery of growth.

(7) Harvest in time. The cotton boll shells are harvested in time about 1 week after they are cracked, so that they can be harvested, dried, stored, and sold separately to prevent "three silks".

2. After wheat (oil) sowing cotton field management in the middle and late stage.

(1) Draining waterlogging and reducing waterlogging. The management measures are the same as nursery and transplant cotton. Simultaneously with the field loosening soil, about 2.5 kg of urea is applied per mu to promote the growth of cotton seedlings.

(2) Reapply Hualing fertilizer. Affected by the rainy season, some direct-broadcast cotton has not yet entered the flowering period. After cotton sees flowers, it is necessary to apply flower-bell fertilizer in time, applying 6-7 kg of pure nitrogen, 2-3 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 5-6 kg of potassium oxide per mu. For cotton that does not grow well during the boll-bearing period, spray foliar fertilizer in time to increase boll weight. In early and mid-September, special cotton foliar fertilizer can be sprayed, or 1%-2% urea and 0.1%-0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be sprayed directly.

(3) Scientific control. In the first ten days of October, choose fine and windless weather, 30-40 grams of thidiazuron powder and 200-300 ml of 40% ethephon can be used per acre, and 40-50 kg of water can be used for whole field spray.

(4) Pest control. Focus on the control of Prodenia litura and Bemisia tabaci.

(5) Disaster prevention and mitigation. Pay attention to do a good job in fighting drought and draining water during the concentrating period.

(6) Centralized harvesting. After defoliation and ripening treatment, the flocculation is generally concentrated within 15-20 days, and timely harvest should be paid attention to.

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