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The host, pathogen, and environment, that is, the disease triangle, are the three major factors in the occurrence of diseases. To deal with diseases and insect pests of vegetables in summer, we must first sort out the reasons in this regard in order to achieve a targeted view.
First, the shed environment is suitable for pests and diseases. Summer vegetables are usually planted in June, July and August. These three months are the highest temperatures in the year. In the past few months, it is not the high temperature and drought conditions in the shed that are high temperatures and high humidity. No matter what kind of environment it is, it will facilitate the occurrence of pests and diseases. High temperature and drought create conditions for virus diseases and insect pests; high temperature and high humidity are especially suitable for the occurrence of bacterial diseases.
The second is the shed outside the shed. In summer, the temperature is high and there is more rainwater, which is particularly suitable for the growth of weeds outside the shed. These weeds have more pests and inhabitants, and in the summer, the sheds are large and have a long time to release winds. The weeds will inhabit insects and worms will pass through. The spread of the tuyere on the crop inside the shed provided conditions for a major outbreak of pests and diseases.
Third, there are many pathogens in the shed. The reporter learned that in order for vegetables to catch up in the morning market, vegetable farmers often simply carry out measures such as turning the soil and fertilizing vegetables after the Shangyu vegetables have been pulled out of the garden. They do not carry out disinfection of the greenhouses. This often results in the following situation: What kind of vegetables should be grown? The disease is serious, and vegetables in the summer can still cause such diseases. In response, the reporter suggested that the vegetable farmers should disinfect the whole shed after the Shangyu vegetables are pulled out of the garden. Chlorothalon can be used as an aerosol agent.
It is precisely because of the above three factors that cause the high incidence of diseases and insect pests in summer vegetables. So what are the specific pests and diseases in various vegetable cultivation? Let's summarize.
First, the disease melon vegetables grow more summer vegetables melons have dense thorn cucumber, cucumber, melon, bitter gourd and so on. According to the cultivation of vegetable farmers in the past, the diseases that often occurred in the summer were viral diseases and bacterial diseases.
1. Viral disease: For cucumbers and melons, it is the virus disease that is most afraid of planting in summer. Every year, many greenhouses pull out the garden because of virus disease. Like last summer, only 5 or 6 sheds were planted in Nanheya Village, Datian Township, Shouguang City, but there were nearly 30 sheds in the previous year. This reporter learned that it was mainly because many sheds in the previous year had been planted in whole sheds because of viral diseases. The lack of granules greatly hit farmers' enthusiasm for planting.
Virus disease is an invasive disease. Once the disease is difficult to control, it is recommended that vegetable farmers adopt the principle of prevention and integrated prevention.
The reporter suggested that taking multiple measures to prevent the virus disease is to adjust the planting time and avoid the peak period of viral disease. In general, the incidence of viral disease is often greater when cucumbers are planted in mid-May, and the incidence of disease is relatively small when planting in June. May is the time of spring and summer handover. The month's rainfall is relatively small and the air is relatively dry. If the vegetation is planted at this time, the conditions of high temperature and drought in the greenhouse will easily lead to an outbreak of virus disease. In general, virus diseases are hidden, and often the virus plants are not found immediately after planting. When the results are reached, that is, at the end of June and early July, the virus disease can be seen in a large area. If the cucumbers are planted in June, there will be more rainfall, and the risk of such diseases is relatively small.
The second is trying to improve the humidity in the shed under hot and dry weather. In summer, high temperature and dry weather often occur, and such weather is particularly suitable for the occurrence of viral diseases. When this kind of weather occurs, it is recommended that the vegetable growers fill the canals inside the canal; when the temperature is high at noon, spray water on the plants to cool the water.
Third, spraying + pest control + supplementary nutrition to prevent viral disease. To prevent a virus disease, first cultivate a strong tree. For the prevention and control of viral diseases, the three measures of spraying anti-virus medicine + pest control + supplementary nutrition shall be taken into consideration. Spray full-fertilizer foliar fertilizers and trace elements such as iron, boron, magnesium, etc., and add insecticides (mainly control whitefly, aphid, and other poisonous pests), kill insects and supplement nutrients at the same time. Several days later, the agents for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases such as Virus, Virus A, and Ningnanmycin are sprayed. The prevention and control measures for plant nursery and disease prevention alternately prevent not only virus disease, but also robust plants.
2. Bacterial diseases. The high temperature and rainy weather in summer is especially suitable for the occurrence of bacterial diseases, but it is particularly evident in melons, because bacterial diseases mostly invade the wounds, while melons and vegetables are more pruned and wiped out, which just gives birth to bacterial diseases. conditions of.
Bacterial diseases that commonly occur on melons in summer include bacterial leaf spot, bacterial soft rot, and bacterial leaf blight.
The reporter suggested that: Preventing bacterial diseases from scratching the wound first for bacterial diseases, mainly through wound infection, so prevention of good wound infection is an important part of the prevention of bacterial diseases.
In summer, high-temperature and high-humidity environments are suitable for bacterial diseases. Bacterial diseases are mainly transmitted through wounds. Planting vegetables cannot avoid pruning. This requires that the vegetable farmers have the best choice for pruning. The wound can heal naturally and reduce the chance of disease infection from the wound. To be on the safe side, it is best to spray the fungicide over the whole shack after the squash is blown to reduce the spread of germs through the wound. In addition, the high-temperature and high-humidity environment is an environment favored by bacterial diseases. After each heavy rain, it is recommended that the whole vegetable shed be sprayed with agricultural streptomycin to prevent bacterial diseases.
In addition, once the shed has been found to have bacterial infections, it is necessary to promptly spray 77% of the WP 800 times solution or 50% of the citrate copper 800X solution.
Solanaceous vegetables Solanaceous vegetables grown in summer include bell peppers, peppers, and tomatoes. According to the morbidity in previous years, diseases that often occur in the summer include viral diseases, sunburn diseases, and umbilical rot diseases. For virus diseases, the above has been introduced. The following focuses on sunburn and umbilical rot.
Sunburn and umbilical rot are all physiological diseases. Sunburn is mainly caused by localized heating of the fruits and burning of epidermal cells. Generally, the shade of the leaves is not good, and the lack of water in the soil or overheating of the weather may cause the disease. Umbilical rot is prone to occur under conditions of high temperature and drought, and soil moisture and calcium deficiency can cause the disease.
For scorch disease, it is recommended that growers should pay attention to the daily time from 12 noon to 2:30 in the afternoon. This time due to greater light intensity, if there is no shade measures, there will be more sunburn fruit on peppers and tomatoes. In this regard, it is recommended that vegetable growers should shade vegetables properly at noon on sunny days. Shading methods include setting sun screens, spraying cooling agents, splashing mud, etc.
For the umbilical rot disease, we must first prevent excessive drought in the shed, and often use small water to promote root absorption of calcium in the soil. In the fruit setting and fruit enlargement period, foliar spray of Yunda-120 is added to boron. Foliar calcium fertilizer several times, can prevent the occurrence of umbilical rot.
The leafy vegetables grown in summer in leafy vegetables are spinach, garland chrysanthemum, lettuce and parsley, and the main diseases of infested leafy vegetables are bacterial diseases. Because of the large amount of water needed for leafy vegetables, a high-temperature and high-humidity environment is prone to occur in the sheds. Moreover, the evapotranspiration of leafy vegetables is large and the water spews at night is obvious, which is prone to the occurrence and infestation of bacterial diseases. Therefore, leafy vegetables enhance the prevention of bacterial diseases. Prevention measures can refer to the prevention and treatment of melon bacterial diseases.
2. Insect pests In addition to pests with larger pests such as beet armyworm and Spodoptera litura, small-sized insect pests such as thrips, aphids, whiteflies, and roundworms are also the enemies of overwhelming summer vegetable production. For these kinds of insect pests, if they happen, many vegetable farmers spray their medicine more than once, and they still cannot fight.
The reporter suggested: Find out the control method based on the characteristics. Before the prevention and control of each pest, we must first understand its characteristics, only fully understand it, can we think of ways to prevent and control. Of course, before and after the prevention of any kind of insect pests, the installation of insect-proof nets at the front and rear air outlets is the first step in preventing insect pests.
For whiteflies and roundworms, they have yellowing potential. They can hang yellow sticky shoots in their sheds, and then mix them with full shed sprays of acetamiprid and other methods. The control effect is good. For aphids, spirooxime esters, ethenoxazole and other agents can be used for prophylaxis; avermectin, peony and other agents can be used for spraying. If the population density is high, pay attention to more water spray. For thrips, the effect of spraying the plants with simple drugs is not good, because the nymphs, eggs are on the ground, can be used to solve the upper spray + lower watering method, the general spraying of avermectin on the upper part of the plant is good. For cabbage caterpillars, it can be sprayed with 1.8% abamectin EC 4000 times or 2.5% spinosad suspension 1500 times.
What diseases and pests do the vegetables prevent?
Recently, the reporter learned from an interview with Song Si Village in Datian Township, Shouguang City that he learned that many vegetable farmers had already planted cucumbers in summer. Through the exchange, the reporter learned that due to the high prices of vegetables in summer last year, the planting area of ​​cucumbers, cucumbers, and other vegetables in the summer has increased a lot. The vegetable farmers all know that it is more difficult to plant the summer vegetables, remove the effects of high temperature, the pests and diseases are more obstacles to the production of summer vegetables. In this issue, the reporter made a review of the common diseases and insect pests of the summer vegetables and hoped to help the vegetable farmers who had planted or would soon plant summer vegetables.