1. Select the variety

Select suitable pesticide varieties for different control objects. For example, the insects that bite the leaves may use drugs with strong stomach toxicity, such as the cabbage caterpillars, and the drugs with stomach toxicity such as dichlorvos; the insects that suck the plant juice should use systemic agents such as aphids, planthoppers, and leaves. A systemic drug such as imidacloprid should be used.

2. Formulating pesticides

The first is to calculate the amount of medication. The recommended dosage on the pesticide label is generally how many grams or how many milliliters of pesticide per acre. The dosage should be calculated based on the application area and the recommended dosage on the label.

The second is dispensing. The "secondary method" should be used to dilute the pesticide.

(1) Water-diluted pesticide: first dilute the pesticide preparation into a "mother liquor" with a small amount of water, and then dilute the "mother liquor" to the desired concentration.

(2) Pesticide mixed with soil, sand, etc.: The pesticide preparation should be diluted to a “mother powder” with a small amount of diluted carrier (fine soil, fine sand, solid fertilizer, etc.), and then diluted to the required amount.

The third is to pay attention to the safety of dispensing. Formulation of pesticides should be carried out away from residential areas, livestock pens and water sources. The prepared liquid should be sealed as far as possible, and the liquid that was dispensed on the same day should be used up. The remaining pesticides after opening should be sealed and stored safely in the original packaging, and should not be transferred to other packaging, such as beverage bottles or food packaging.

Do not use the bottle cap to measure pesticides or use the barrels filled with drinking water. Do not use the barrel containing the liquid to directly take the water from the ditch river. Do not use hand or arm to reach into the liquid, powder or granules to stir.

Prevent dust from flying when handling powders and wettable powders. If you want to pour a full bag of wettable powder, place the pocket opening as close as possible to the surface of the water and stand at the upwind to let the dust and flying objects blow away with the wind.

3. Use pesticides

The prevention and control of crop pests and diseases should follow the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”, and minimize the number and usage of chemical pesticides to reduce the impact on the quality and safety of the environment and agricultural products.

The first is to grasp the period of medication. Most pests and diseases are very mild in the early stage of the disease, such as cotton wilt, and the effect of bactericide filling is good at the beginning of the disease. After a large area of ​​outbreak, even if the drug is used repeatedly, the loss is difficult to recover. Helicoverpa armigera is easy to control before the third age. Therefore, most bactericidal and insecticides are not effective, but miss the best use time.

The second is to grasp the amount of medicine used and the amount of water used. Some farmers' friends often use more pesticides to reduce their workload when using pesticides. In fact, in the effective concentration of pesticides, the effect depends on the coverage of the liquid. For example, when spraying the herbicide to remove the herbicide, the soil moisture is poor, and the amount of water must be increased to form a closed membrane. Otherwise, the liquid is only It is distributed in a dot shape and does not achieve the effect of blocking weeding. When spraying insecticides and fungicides, sufficient water consumption is necessary, because the eggs and germs are concentrated in the soil on the back of the leaves and in the roots. If the water consumption is small when applying, it is difficult to spray the whole plant. Through, the residual eggs in the dead corner, the residual bacteria can easily break out again. Increasing the concentration of pesticides will increase the resistance of pathogens and pests. If the concentration exceeds the safe concentration, phytotoxicity will occur. Therefore, simply increasing the concentration of the drug solution is often counterproductive.

The third is to choose a good performance applicator. The medical equipment produced by regular manufacturers should be selected and the worn nozzles should be replaced regularly. Medications for spraying herbicides should be used exclusively.

The fourth is to pay attention to the rotation of medication. Even the best pesticide varieties can not be used continuously for a long time. Because, in a region, long-term single use of a certain pesticide will inevitably lead to a decline in the effect, resulting in resistance to the control object, the correct approach is to rotate the use of different types of pesticides.

The fifth is to strictly abide by the safety interval regulations. The safe interval between pesticides refers to the number of days from the last application to the harvest of the crop, ie the number of days that pesticides are prohibited from being used before harvest. In actual production, the time from the last spray to the harvest of the crop should be longer than the safe interval specified on the label. In order to ensure that the residue of agricultural products does not exceed the standard, it cannot be harvested during the safety interval.

4. Security protection

The pesticide application personnel should be in good health, trained and have certain knowledge of plant protection. Old, infirm, children and pregnant, lactating women can not apply. Pay attention to the following matters when applying the medicine:

First, check if the application medicine is in good condition. Do not overfill the liquid in the sprayer to prevent the liquid from spilling, contaminating the skin and protective clothing. The application site should have enough water, cleaning agent, first aid kit, repair tools, etc.

Second, wear protective equipment. Such as gloves, masks, protective clothing, etc., to prevent pesticides from entering the eyes, touching the skin or inhaling the body. Immediately after application, remove the protective equipment and put it into a plastic bag prepared in advance. Wash immediately after bringing it back 2 to 3 times, dry and store.

Third, pay attention to the safety when applying drugs. Do not apply medicine when it rains, windy weather, high temperature; always apply in the upper wind position, do not apply the wind against the wind; do not allow to eat, drink or smoke during the application; do not use the mouth to blow the blocked nozzle, apply toothpicks, grass sticks Or water to dredge.

Fourth, we must master the knowledge of poisoning first aid. If pesticides splash into the eyes or on the skin, rinse them with plenty of water in time; if symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, etc., stop working immediately, take off contaminated clothing, and bring pesticide labels to the nearest hospital.

Fifth, properly clean the application equipment. The application of the medicine should be washed after each use, and should not be washed in the river, creek or well to avoid polluting the water source. Pesticide waste packaging is strictly forbidden to be used as it, can not be littered, should be stored in a centralized manner, and properly disposed of.

5. Safe storage

First, minimize storage and storage time. Pesticide should be purchased according to actual demand to avoid backlog deterioration and safety hazards.

The second is to store in a safe and suitable place. A small amount of residual pesticides should be stored in the original packaging, sealed and stored in a locked place, and should not be packed in other containers. It is strictly forbidden to use the empty beverage bottles to dispense the remaining pesticides. Store in a place that is not accessible to children and animals, and that is cool, dry, ventilated, and protected from light. Do not approach or mix with food, food, or feed. Do not store with the seeds. Because the volatiles of pesticides are highly corrosive, pesticides and seeds are stored together, which will reduce the germination rate of seeds.

Third, the stored pesticide packaging should have a complete, firm and clear label.