High-yielding maize high-yielding cultivation techniques
According to Liu Yonghong, a maize expert, high-quality grain corn includes high-quality protein corn, high-starch corn, and high-oil corn. Its high-yielding cultivation techniques include the following: Light-weight seedling transplanting Our province has promoted more than 10 years of breeding and transplanting techniques such as fat ball breeding. Grid seedlings, etc. due to manual labor, laborious transplant, so that the area of ​​application of the technology continues to decrease. In recent years, the Academy of Agricultural Sciences has proposed to popularize the transplanting of floppy seedlings, seedlings, and nutrition cups. Practice has proved that this technology not only inherits the advantages of transplanting with soil-fertilizing balls and square-grained seedlings, but also saves labor and labor, and can realize intensive seedling raising, which is worth promoting in a large area. But should pay attention to several points - 1, choose the right way of raising seedlings. Attention should be paid to the selection, alluvial soils and purple soils with high soil organic matter content, and good soil moisture in the transplanting season should be selected for transplanting with floppy seedlings; yellow soil and purple soil with heavy soil, and poor soil moisture during transplanting. The soil should be transplanted with nutrient cups. 2, arrange sowing and gargle. Under the conditions of multi-cooking in our province, in addition to the arrangement of sowing and raising seedlings, consideration should be given to factors such as climate, safe pumping, and dehydration of grouting. Special attention should be paid to the connection of cornices. According to the actual local arrangements, good sowing dates and gargles. The seeding period of corn filming seedlings in early spring sowing should be stable at a daily average temperature of 9°C or more and seedling age of 20 days or so. The late spring sowing or summer sowing seedling age should be 5-7 days, and corresponding adjustments should be made according to the situation of cornices. 3, scientific transplanting and post-planting management. In order to help Honda survive early and return to green and fast, to achieve uniform seedlings, planting Zhuang as the goal. According to the method of raising seedlings, the shoots are transplanted when the needles are ejected, and the seedlings are transplanted when the leaves are visible from 2 to 3 leaves. Transplanting can adopt the “transplantation of the water block seatâ€, and it can be classified according to the size of the seedlings, grading, and transplanting in sections. After the planting, the soil should be no less than 1 cm in diameter to prevent dry exposure of fertilizer balls. After the planting, the seedlings should be checked frequently, and the fertilizer should be applied early and pests should be treated as soon as possible. Planting density is based on different types of cultivars and harvesting purposes, and planting density is reasonably arranged. Planting density is an important means of affecting yield. Under the current production conditions in our province, the maximum leaf area index of grain yield is about 4.5, the maximum leaf area is maintained for 15 to 20 days, and the leaf area index is maintained at 2.0 or above at maturity, which is more conducive to high and stable production. The appropriate planting density for grain corn in Pingqiu spring maize area is about 3200 plants/mu, the suitable planting density for summer corn is 3600-4000 plants/mu, and the suitable planting density is 3,000 plants/mu in potted mountainous areas. In general, the plant type is compact. Compared with the varieties with the ripening stage and the crops with the harvested straw as the green feed, only the varieties of the grain were harvested, and 500 to 1,000 plants per mu can be increased. The scientific application of heavy nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and improper fertilization period are common problems in current corn production. The application of inorganic fertilizers combined with organic fertilizers should be promoted. Base fertilizers and top dressings should be weighed together; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be the main components, supplemented by trace fertilizers; and attacking panicle fertilizers should be the main supplement, and attacking granulation fertilizers should be supplemented. Also pay attention to fertilizer on the root to promote the use of phosphorus root to fertilizer water, improve corn water, water function. According to a study by the Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in the hilly area of ​​the Sichuan Basin, the ratio of pure inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 4:2:4, which is economically efficient. They used the above fertilization techniques to demonstrate in Ziyang City. The average yield of 85 mu spring corn was 523.4 kg/mu, and the ratio of grain to nitrogen was 32.7:1. The average yield of summer corn per mu was 440 kg, and the ratio of grain to nitrogen was 36.7:1. Cultivation 326 kg/mu increased by 60.6% and 35% respectively.