Potato early maturing and high yield cultivation techniques
Potato is an indispensable vegetable in people's lives. It is rich in starch, protein, vitamins, and inorganic salts. It is called "underground apple." In the past, Heilongjiang Province was limited to the production of middle and late-maturing potato varieties in one season, resulting in the early spring market relying entirely on foreign markets. In recent years, the Jixi City Institute of Agricultural Sciences in Heilongjiang Province has selected extremely early potato varieties suitable for cultivation in this region from a variety of potato varieties, and has been used to promote early-maturing and high-yield potato varieties that are suitable for planting in the region, such as cultivating buds, planting seeds, mulching, mulching, mulching, irrigation, etc. In the second and third accumulated temperature zones in Heilongjiang Province, two ripe crops are cultivated in one year. The harvested land of the potato can be replanted in autumn cabbage, autumn radish, and late oil beans, and can also be transplanted into late watermelon, late green pepper and late eggplant. The autumn cabbage is also an ideal intercropping crop for corn doubles and watermelons. 1. Variety selection Very early potato varieties harvested within 60 days after emergence were selected. a. Dongnong 303 Northeast Agricultural College. Plant height 45cm, strong growth potential, corolla white, anther yellow-green. Tubers oblong, neat, medium-sized, yellow-yellow, smooth skin, shallow buds, and concentrated potato. Better quality, generally hectare output 30.0t. b. Fiorui It was introduced from the Netherlands in 1980. Plant height 60cm, strong growth potential, corolla blue-purple, anther orange. Tubers are long, oval, large and neat, with pale yellow skin, dark yellow flesh, smooth epidermis, few and shallow buds, and concentrated tubers. The taste quality is good, and the average hectare yield is 25.5t. c. Early morning white was introduced from Liaoning. Plant height 45cm, strong growth potential, flower white. Tuber shape is regular, long oval, large and neat, white and white flesh, smooth skin, less and shallow bud eyes, concentrated potato. Good quality, generally hectare output 37.5t. d. Super White Dalian Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Plant height 40cm, strong growth potential, flower white. Tubers round, large and neat, white and white flesh, smooth skin, buds deeper, concentrated potato. The food quality is good, and the average hectare yield is 32.2t. 2. Warm seeds, cuts, germination, and drying buds The seed potatoes will be taken out of the kiln in mid-March, and the disease-free seed potatoes will be tiled in a room at about 20°C to warm the seeds and germination for 7-8 days. After germination, the buds are cut into pieces, each piece is about 25 g, and after cutting, a small amount of plant ash is used to prepare the seeds. After 2-3d, the seeds were placed in a shed at a temperature of about 20°C. A layer of moist fine soil was used as a seed layer. Each layer was 6-8cm thick and was piled 2-3 layers. The uppermost layer was fine soil and overwhelmed with plastic film. When the bud grows to 1-1.5cm, the buds are sprouted and the buds become thick and soft to facilitate planting. 3. Before and after fertilization, soil preparation, and demolition of Qingming, when cultivating layered soil, apply 45-75t per hectare of mature manure, 300kg of diammonium phosphate, 225kg of urea, and 225kg of potassium sulfate. Rotate tillage after cultivating, ridge, and ridge distance 60cm. Use a rake to pry the sloping blocks of the ridge into the ditch so that the ridges become shorter, so as to facilitate the removal of the film and cover the soil. 4, planted in mid-April, according to 20-25cm spacing in the film on the screech, deep 10-12cm, planted blocks, irrigation water, cover soil cover. 5. Field Management Before and after May 1st, when the seedlings arched the top film of the soil, the seedlings should be released and the soil should be sealed with the soil. The unemerged pods should be opened every 2 days to reduce the temperature with the outside air. Anti-burning seedlings. When a small amount of plants in the field are budded and uncovered, the grass is manually taken and the soil is soiled. The shovel is not available at this time so as to avoid scooping out the small tubers. The leaves were sprayed with potato expander and foliar fertilizer, and water was poured. After 1 week, water was poured again. 6. Harvest When the leaves at the bottom of the plant turn yellow, they can be listed and graded according to the conditions of the market, market supply and demand, and once harvested.