Special dish cultivation ---- green bitter gourd green bitter gourd
Also known as cool melon, belongs to the cucurbitaceous bitter gourd, the annual climbing vegetation plants, native to the eastern tropical India, cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian and other places. The green bitter gourd has thick flesh and tender flesh. Moderate bitterness, fragrant and delicious, fried food, can be cold, with heat detoxification, eyesight, help digestion, diuretic, increase appetite and treatment of diabetes and other effects, is an important variety of Cantonese cuisine. First, the characteristics of developed root system, the main root depth of about 35 cm, lateral root distribution diameter of about 1.5 meters; stem vines, smaller, strong branching; leaf palmately lobed or deep, green; flower unisexual, dichoenous The same strain, yellow corolla; cone-shaped or long sticky fruit, the surface of knob-like protrusions, green or light green, the surface of the pattern, seed grain weight 150 - 180 grams. The green bitter gourd is warm, the heat is not cold, the seed germination temperature is 30--35C, the germination is slow below 20C, the optimum temperature for growth is 20--30C, the optimal temperature for flowering is about 25C, the growth is slow below 15C, below 10C Poor growth; green bitter gourd but not water-resistant, requires 70% - 85% of the relative humidity of the air and 15% of the soil moisture during growth; green bitter gourd but not shade, the flowering result requires a strong light. Second, cultivation techniques 1. Cultivation season. Green bitter gourd can be cultivated in spring, summer and autumn in southern China. Sowing in spring from December to March of the following year, harvesting from April to July; sowing in the summer from April to May and harvesting from June to September; planting in the fall from July to September and harvesting from September to November. The Yangtze River valley is generally sown in February-April and harvested from May to August. 2. Variety selection. Spring sowing and summer harvest should choose "Green jade body oil bitter gourd," "Hai new bitter gourd", "Green two", "green bitter gourd 915", "high excellent good 1" and other varieties; summer broadcast autumn harvest should choose "green big top" "Haixin bitter gourd," "Suixin 2" and other varieties. 3. Sowing seedlings. Green bitter gourd seed coat hard, can be soaked in warm water 50--55C 4--6 hours, and constantly stirring, scrubbing, remove and germination under 30--35C conditions, rinse with warm water once a day, about 3--5 days Budding. Early spring cultivation generally adopts the method of cultivating roots and cultivating roots. Seed beds should pay attention to insulation, it is best to set up a small shed in the greenhouse or electric nursery. The seedling period is about 25-30 days. Summer and autumn cultivation can also be broadcast live. 4. Colonization. Green bitter gourd is not strict with soil requirements, and is suitable for soil cultivation with loose fertility, rich organic matter, deep soil, and sunny soil. Before planting, the soil should be deep-turned, combined with site preparation and basal fertilization. In general, 2000 kg of compost will be produced per 667 m2, 1500 kg of decomposed human and animal manure, 30--50 kg of potassium chloride (or potassium sulfate), and superphosphate. 25--30 kg base fertilizer, nest or furrow. Seedlings with "two-leaf and one-heart" colonization should be selected in the sunny afternoon, generally 2 meters wide, planting double rows, nesting 60--80 cm, two per litter, and colonization of 800--1100 litres per 667m2 ( 1600--2200 strains), after the colonization, the root clearing water was applied. Early spring cultivation should be covered with a small arch shed insulation to improve the survival rate. 5. Arrange vines and plant adjustments. When the tendrils appear, they should be erected in a timely manner. Three types of racks can be used: herringbone racks, pergolas (flat racks) and fences. Green bitter gourd has strong branching force and many vines. In order to concentrate the nutrients on the main vine and several main side vines, the lateral vines below the first female flower should be removed. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer and water, the middle and late stages can be Leave several side vines selected to increase later production. In the middle and late stages of growth, the old leaves and diseased leaves of the base should be removed in time to facilitate ventilation and lightening and increase production. 6. Fertilizer management. The green bitter gourd has a longer growth period and requires more fertilizer and water, but the seedling stage has weak fertility. The fertilizer is slightly thicker and burns back to the seedlings. Therefore, the top dressing should pay attention to the light weight and heavy weight. After planting for 5-7 days, every 667 meters 2 will be applied. % Decomposition of 1000 kg of human and animal waste water, followed by top dressing every 7-10 days with concentrations ranging from lean to concentrated. During the fruiting period, topdressing is applied again. Generally, 2000 kg of artificial feces and 2,000 tons of potassium and potassium chloride are used per 667 m2 of the plant. In the late stage of the planting, 0.5% of urea liquid fertilizer is applied once per harvest to prolong the mining. Closing date. The green bitter gourd is damp, and the roots of the bitter gourd are turned yellow and the fruit is perishable. The summer rainstorm or continuous rainfall must be drained in time. In early spring cultivation, water should be controlled during the seedling stage to enhance cold resistance, and sufficient water should be needed during the fruiting period to promote the growth and development of tender guarana. 7. Pest control. Green bitter gourd mainly has diseases such as wilt disease, anthrax, powdery mildew, and virus disease. Fusarium wilt can be treated with 10% double-effect water-agent 250 times solution or 40% multi-flow suspension agent to root control; anthrax can be controlled by carbendazim or thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 600--800 times spray; powdery mildew can be used Trituration 800--1000 times spray control; virus disease prevention and control should be combined with the control of aphids, but also can be controlled by 1.5% plant disease Lingxue 1000 times liquid. The main pests are locusts, melon flies, and hummocks. The aphids can be controlled with 20% extinction emulsion 2000 times liquid; the fruit fly can be controlled with 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times; the puma can be controlled with 50% badan original powder 2000 times. 8. Harvest. Green bitter gourd served with tender guarana, generally 12-15 days after flowering will be harvested. When the melon's shoulder knobs are thick, the groove is shallow, the tip of the melon becomes smooth, the skin is shiny, and the fruit's top color begins to fade. In the spring, the average output of 667 m 2 is 2000-2500 kg; in summer and autumn, it is generally 1000--1500 kg per 667 m 2 .