Improve the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in wheat fields
Wheat is a crop that requires more phosphate fertilizer. The scientific use of phosphate fertilizer is one of the key measures to increase phosphate fertilizer efficiency, reduce fertilizer costs, and promote high quality and high yield of wheat. Because of the poor mobility of phosphate fertilizers in the soil, it is easily fixed by two-valent cations in the soil, so crops have low utilization rates. According to tests: the utilization rate of superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate is only 15%-20%, which is 1-2 times lower than that of nitrogen fertilizer. Years of experimental research and production practices around the country have shown. Improving the fertilizer efficiency of wheat in the field has the following advantages: After mixing with organic fertilizers Fermentation after application: Organic fertilizers are rich in organic matter, phosphoric acid and various organic weak acids, which can make insoluble phosphorus into soluble phosphorus. At the same time, after the organic fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer are mixed, the contact surface between the phosphate fertilizer and the soil can be greatly reduced, thereby reducing the fixation of the phosphorus on the soil. Therefore, the use of organic fertilizer and stacking after fermentation can not only increase the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer, but also effectively overcome the problem of phosphorus fertilizer. Stacking methods: In the two weeks before application, the ratio of 1 part of phosphate fertilizer by adding 10-20 parts of organic fertilizer is mixed and piled up, and the mud is sealed outside to prevent loss of fertilizer efficiency. According to the experiment, superphosphate and organic fertilizers were mixed and fermented into the wheat field, which was 23.1% higher than that applied directly to wheat fields. In combination with nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer, the requirements for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and other elements of wheat are applied. When applying phosphate fertilizer, scientific application of nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer can effectively supplement the deficiency of soil nutrients, and Increase the utilization of phosphate fertilizer by 20%-30%. The proportion of application: general high-yield wheat fields, 4,000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, 50 kg of standard phosphate fertilizer, 30 kg of standard nitrogen fertilizer, 12 kg of standard potash, 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate in Mg-deficient land; High quality organic fertilizer 3000 kg, standard phosphate fertilizer 50 kg, standard nitrogen fertilizer 35 kg, standard potassium fertilizer 8 kg, zinc sulfate 1 kg is appropriate. Concentrated application of P fertilizer is a method to reduce the contact surface with the soil, which is an effective method to reduce the effective phosphorus in the phosphate fertilizer fixed by calcium, magnesium, aluminum and other elements in the soil, especially in yellow-red soil, calcareous soil, yellow mud soil, sand Spreading phosphate fertilizers on various clay soils such as ginger black soil is more easily fixed by soil. Studies have shown that application of phosphate fertilizer concentration bar can increase utilization by 28%, and increase wheat output by 11.8%. Method of application: Before the wheat is sown, use a seed sowing machine to apply the phosphorus fertilizer 8-10 cm deep and plant it with a second seed sowing machine so that the wheat seed and phosphorus fertilizer are staggered by 1-2 cm. Phosphate fertilizers should be selected for soil use in order to increase the utilization of phosphate fertilizers. In neutral and calcareous alkaline soils, water-deep superphosphate should be used. Superphosphate is a weak acid that can neutralize the alkali in the soil. In acidic soils, weakly basic calcium magnesium phosphate is used. Acidic soil is used. Alkaline fertilizer can not only enhance its fertilizer efficiency, but also neutralize the acid in the soil to avoid the acid damage to the wheat root system. The amount should be appropriate according to the results of wheat phosphorus fertilizer test results show that: per kilogram of phosphorus production increased the amount of wheat with the increase of phosphate fertilizer use and decreased, but the amount is too small, the unit area increase is not significant, the general mu dose of 50-60 kilograms is appropriate. The root leaves were sprayed on the jointing stage of wheat to the booting and filling stage. 2-3 kg of superphosphate was added to the water and the residue was filtered off. The mixture was mixed with 50-60 kg of fresh water. The jointing, booting and filling stages of wheat were performed. Each spray can increase production by 4%-6%. Or spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution outside the root, spray 60-80 kg per acre, spraying three times, there is a clear strong stalks down, can increase production 4.6% -8.1%. The extra-root spray should be selected after 3 pm on a sunny day without sunshine or on a cloudy day. Spray the wheat plants with a sprayer to spray them one at a time and one at a time, so that all the leaves of the plants are evenly coated with fertilizer solution. The foliar spray has less fertilizer, has a quick effect, and has a high fertilizer utilization rate. Constrained by soil moisture and other outstanding advantages, it is worth promoting.