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The minimum sugar requirement for the feed = feed buffer (%) 1.7 The feed buffer is the amount of lactic acid bacteria required to neutralize the alkaline elements in 100 grams of dry whole feed and reduce the pH to 4.2. Only 60% of the glucose consumed by silage ingestion becomes lactic acid, which means that 1 g of lactic acid requires 1.7 g of glucose.
According to the sugar content of feed, silage materials can be divided into the following three categories:
The first category: feeds that are easily silage, such as corn, sorghum, grasses, sunflowers, cabbage, etc. These feeds contain moderate or more soluble carbohydrates and have a high sugar content.
The second category: feeds that are not easily silage, such as leeks, soybeans, pea stalks and leaves. Containing less carbohydrates, its own sugar content can not meet the minimum required sugar content in silage. When silage, it is easy to mix with the first type.
The third category: feeds that cannot be silaged alone, such as squash vines, watermelon vines, etc. These plants are extremely low in sugar, silage alone is not easy to succeed, only mixed with other silage-rich feeds or added carbohydrate-rich materials, or The addition of acid storage can only be successful. 2. Moisture in feed contains adequate amount of water, which is a necessary condition for ensuring the normal activity of lactic acid bacteria. If the moisture content is too high or too low, it will affect the silage fermentation process and quality. If the moisture content is too low, the silage will be difficult to compact and there will be more air in the cellar, which will easily cause aerobic bacteria to multiply, which will make the feed moldy and rot; excessive moisture content, easy compaction and agglomeration will facilitate the activity of caseobacteria. . At the same time, the male cell sap was squeezed and lost, causing loss of nutrients.
When the moisture content of the silage is 84.5%, the dry matter lost in the juice is 6.7% of the dry matter. 74% of the water is silage and there is no juice to remove the dry matter. At the same time when there is too much water, the sugar and jelly in the cell juice are too dilute to meet the certain concentration required by the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. It is unfavorable for the reproduction of caseobacteria and makes the silage rancid and the quality deteriorated. For lactic acid bacteria breeding activities, the optimum moisture content is 60 to 75%. The moisture content of Legume forage is best from 60 to 70%. However, the appropriate moisture content varies depending on the texture. Crude raw material, moisture content of 78~82%. Harvest early, tender, juicy, soft raw materials, moisture content should be lower, with 60% is appropriate.
If the water content is too high or too low, silage should be treated or adjusted. For the raw materials with too much moisture, the silage should be dried and wilted slightly before the silage, and the moisture content of the raw materials should meet the requirements. If it does not reach the proper moisture content after drying, dry silage should be added to the silage.
Third, anaerobic environment should be cut off compaction, filling and sealing, creating an anaerobic environment, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria. The purpose of shortening: First, in order to compaction, to drive off the air in the feed gap; Second, to facilitate the intake; Third, sugar-laden juice oozing to the surface of the feed is conducive to lactobacillus using the sugar in the feed to grow their own It reproduces and turns sugar into a large amount of lactic acid. Filling is to prevent sinking and leakage of rainfall in the future when sinking. Sealing is for airtightness and ensures an oxygen-free environment.
Fourth, control the temperature Lactobacillus growth and reproduction of the most appropriate temperature of 20 to 37 °C. If the silage material is not compacted and compacted, the edges of the silo are not filled, leaving larger voids, or leaking without sealing the gap, it will cause too much air, the oxidation will strengthen, and the temperature in the cellar will increase (60°C). The above); decomposition of sugar, energy loss, vitamin damage, protein digestion rate, or even deterioration.
Pressing too tight, or high moisture, is conducive to the growth and reproduction of tyroic acid bacteria, so that silage rancid lumps, quality deterioration. Generally filled with the degree of compaction, silage material moisture should be appropriate, the fermentation temperature is about 30 °C, the maximum does not exceed 38 °C.
V. Accumulation of acidity When satisfying the above basic wood conditions such as adequate sugar content, suitable humidity, anaerobic temperature, and suitable temperature, the lactic acid bacteria will rapidly multiply and accumulate in large quantities, and the pH value will drop below 4.2 while killing or inhibiting all harmful effects. The activity of microorganisms enables long-term storage of high-quality silage.
Silage Feeding Cows Five Requirements
First, the sugar content of feed is to ensure that the lactic acid bacteria multiply, to form a sufficient amount of lactic acid, silage must contain the minimum required sugar content, the actual sugar content of the feed must be higher than the minimum requirement for feed silage. The minimum need is calculated based on the degree of feed buffer, ie: