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In autumn and winter, the grafting of tea trees was
Application of "low grafting, tied with the soil" autumn and winter tea grafting technology, can greatly accelerate the transformation of old tea garden varieties, improve the coverage of good species, and promote tea industrialization. First, time and materials. Grafting time is suitable from October to December. The material should be prepared with 1.8 m long bamboo strips, spring shears, grafting knives, wire cutters, small saws and agricultural films. Second, prepare a tea tree with a root diameter of 1 cm or more, and the nearest tea plantation that can remove the fine yellow loam soil can be grafted. In the previous month, deep fertilization was conducted to allow the tea tree roots to accumulate sufficient nutrients. The anvil is divided into two parts. The first time, 10 cm away from the ground, the tea tree is cut off, the tea garden is cleaned, and the fine soil is screened for use. One day before grafting, soles should be poured to keep the soil moist. Scion selection of clones of red-brown semi-woody varieties of tea branches, the species to Wuni Zao, Ying-Shuang, Pingyang especially early as well. These varieties have strong adaptability and high graft survival rate. Third, grafting. Grafting an anvil, stalk anvil, cutting ear, cuttings in four steps, the specific operation is as follows: The anvil is cut on the basis of the first anvil, split open the soil, 2-3 cm from the root and then cut once. The anvil is cut once with a spring scissor, and the anvil skin must not be damaged. The rootstock is too large and can be sawn with a small saw. The anvil is cut from the middle of the stock with a grafting knife to a depth of 2-3 cm. The harder rootstock can be used to hit the back of the grafting knife with wooden sticks, so as to open the rootstock. The cutting head should be cleaned thoroughly, and the wedge-shaped surface should be cut perpendicularly from the lower end of the scion and the base of the leaf. The cutting length should be about 2 cm, slightly shorter than the cutting of the rootstock, and the two wedge surfaces should be flat. The scions are two leaves and one bud branch, the lower leaves are cut in half, the upper leaves are not cut, leaving axillary buds. The scion must be kept fresh and cut. When cuttings, use a wire cutter to open the split rootstock and insert the cut scion into the rootstock. The slightly thicker side of the scion should be aligned with the edge of the rootstock. That is, the phloem on the thick side of the ear is fully consistent, and the tighter the interaction between the rootstock and the scion, the better the splitting of the parenchyma cells and the formation of the healing tissue. Generally, each plexus tea tree is connected to 3-5 rootstocks, each rootstock is followed by one ear, and the larger ones can also receive 2-3 spikes. Fourth, earth. Tea trees that have received a good ear should be immediately cultivated in fine yellow loam soil, and all the scions should be buried in the soil in the order of local generation, leaving only the upper axillary buds exposed. The soil is pressed slightly by hand, and the rootstock and the scion should not be loosened. After the soil is finished, use the sprinkler shell to wet the soil, but do not water it too much. Fifth, cover. A layer of wet straw or weeds on the soil surface plays a role in moisturizing and heat preservation. Every 1 meter is inserted with a bamboo strip, arched, and the middle height is 50 cm. The agricultural film is pulled on the bamboo strip and compacted with mud to form a closed environment. The conditions can also be covered with a layer of shade net on the agricultural film, so as to prevent the agricultural film from being opened by the wind in winter and avoid direct sunlight and consume water. Six, management. After the autumn and winter grafting, it is generally not necessary to water the plants after grafting. On rainy days, the membrane can be lifted to receive rainwater to ensure that the soil inside the membrane is moist. At the beginning of April of the following year, when the tea grows to 3-4 leaves, it is possible to choose uncovering the film on cloudy days. Before uncovering the film, it is necessary to carry out the hardening of seedlings to allow the seedlings to gradually adapt to the environment. When the seedlings reach 10 cm or more, the top buds are removed to facilitate the growth and development of lateral buds.