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Production and Utilization of Silage Corn Straw
Silage corn stalks are filled with fresh corn stalks in a sealed silage facility, using lactic acid bacteria to anaerobic fermentation of the raw materials to produce lactic acid, which reduces the acidity to about pH 4.0 and achieves the purpose of acid storage. Juicy, rich acid-scented feed. Silage corn stalks are not only a good source of feed for herbivorous livestock in winter and spring, but also can prevent the waste of resources and environmental pollution caused by straw incineration. It is an effective way to turn waste into treasure and it is worth promoting. First, silage equipment: The current common equipment for silage corn stove is underground silo. The ratio of width to depth is preferably 1:1.5 to 2. The length and number of pits are determined according to the number of livestock and the amount of feed. The bottom and bottom of the pit are made of brick and concrete. The silo is required to be solid, strong, airtight and watertight. The interior of the silo should be smooth and smooth, so that the silo spread evenly without leaving any gaps. Second, the production process: 1. Harvest corn stalks in a timely manner is one of the best silage crops. From the milky season to the waxy corn stalks can be made of high quality silage. At present, most of the corn silage after silage harvesting silage modulation. When the ear of corn matures, and only 1 or 2 leaves of the corn stalk are yellowed, the maximum nutrient yield can be obtained from the unit area, and the water content (about 70%) and soluble carbohydrate content are appropriate. It is beneficial to the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria and is easy to be made into high quality silage. Harvested corn stalks with yellow or rotten spoilage must be removed. 2. Cut short, cornstalks are transported to silage immediately after harvest. Shred with a chopping machine, length of about 3 to 5 cm. The purpose of shortening is to facilitate packing and compaction, resulting in an anaerobic environment; easy access. In addition, it can quickly discharge part of the juice, which is beneficial to the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. 3. Prior to filling, the bottom of the pit was trapped with 20 cm thick mats, and then the shredded raw materials were rapidly loaded into the pit. The loading should be carried out layer by layer. When each layer is loaded to 15 to 20 cm thick, it can be compacted. In particular, pay attention to the edges and corners of the pit. The more compacted, the easier it is to create an anaerobic environment and the more conducive to the activity and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria. After the degree of compaction is completed by fermentation, the sinking of the feed should not exceed 10% of the depth of the pit. The sooner the loading is completed, the better. It should generally be completed within 2 to 3 days. 4. Sealing the cellar and sealing the cellar to prevent leakage of air leakage is an important part of the modulation of good silage. The cellar seal is not good enough to enter the air or water, and it is beneficial to the proliferation of molds and other spoilage bacteria, making the silage worse. When the corn silage is over 60 cm above the pit, it can be capped. When the roof is capped, it should be covered with a layer of chopped straw or soft grass (20-30 cm thick), covered with plastic film, and then covered with soil to make solid, about 30-50 cm thick, and made of bread-head type to facilitate drainage. 5. After the management of the silo sealed, in order to prevent the infiltration of rainwater, trenches shall be drained about 1m away from the pit. Should be frequently checked later, when there is a crack in the pit, it should be compacted in time to prevent leakage and water leakage. Third, the use of methods: 1. Do a good job of quality identification of corn stalk silage generally after 40 to 50 days, you can open cellar use. Before use, quality identification must be carried out. For example, corn silage will have a greenish green color, a rich and fragrant wine sour, and the stems and leaves remain as they are and easy to separate. This is a high-quality juicy feed for livestock such as cattle and sheep. If it has become black and sticky and smelly, it cannot be used to feed livestock. 2. Feeding methods When feeding is started, livestock are often unaccustomed to feeding and are subject to short-term training. The method of training feeding is: feeding silage at the time of fasting, feeding silage at first, gradually increasing and feeding other fodder; or mixing silage with concentrate and feeding, then feeding other feed; or adding silage The feed is mixed with other forages and fed at the same time. IV. Precautions: 1. When taking silage from a rectangular silo, it should be gradually taken from one end. Do not pierce the hole to avoid long-term exposure of the surface and affect the quality of the silage. 2. Once the silo is opened, it must be taken continuously every day. It should not be interrupted so that the silage can be fed before the full proliferation of mold. If the feed is stopped halfway, and the interval is long, the cellar shall be sealed and sealed according to the original method of cellar sealing, and airtightness and watertightness shall be ensured. 3. Take as much or as little as possible (usually at least 6 to 7 cm thick per day) and cover it with straw mat or plastic film. 4. When the surface of the silage is deteriorating, it should be taken out and discarded in time to avoid causing animal poisoning or other diseases. 5. The urea silage is uniformly mixed with 0.5% of the weight of fresh corn stalk, and the effect is better.