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Measures for preventing and treating garlic diseases
I. Occurrence characteristics of garlic field diseases The garlic diseases mainly include garlic leaf blight, garlic stalk rot, garlic purple spot, garlic bacterial soft rot, garlic gray mold, garlic rust, and garlic virus disease. 1. Garlic leaf blight is mainly manifested on the leaves or pedicels, showing irregular or oval gray-brown lesions. When the humidity is high, black moldy materials are produced on leaves, and the diseased leaves are severely dead. If it is not controlled in time, it can generally reduce production by 20% to 30%. 2. Garlic stem rot mainly manifests on leaves and bulbs. The disease started from the outer leaves and gradually invaded. The outer leaves above the bulb yellowed and the roots developed. The late bulbs rotted and died. The diseased epidermis was scattered with brown or black microsclerotia. Contaminated garlic seeds, rain, soil, diseased bodies, and soil miscellaneous fertilizers can cause disease. Soils with heavy soil and poor water permeability are susceptible to disease; nitrogen fertilizers are used in large plots to be susceptible to diseases; land loss generally occurs by 30%, and serious land masses cause no harvest. 3, garlic purple spot disease mainly damage leaves, garlic sprouts, for the late growth of disease, storage period can sometimes infect the bulb. In the early stage of disease, gray spots were mostly generated from the tip of the leaf or the middle of the garlic sprouts. The central micro-purple was slightly depressed and gradually enlarged into an elliptical or spindle-shaped, yellow-brown or dark purple. When the humidity was high, the diseased part produced black mold and showed concentric circles. Pattern. The suitable temperature for disease onset is between 25°C and 27°C. It is not affected when it falls below 12°C. The onset of warmth and high humidity is heavy. 4. Damage to the leaves of Botrytis cinerea, the lesions were water-stained at the initial stage, and then turned to grayish-brown and brown spots. The tip gradually expanded inwards. The lesions were elliptical or spindle-shaped. A large grayish-white spot with a brown-brown mildew layer on the surface. Hazardous garlic forms a gray-brown lesion, and when the humidity is high, it gives off a dark black mould. Spread with air, rain, irrigation water. The suitable temperature for the growth of the bacteria ranged from 15°C to 30°C, and the suitable temperature for infection was 15°C-21°C. Low-lying, poor drainage, and easy-to-pile land masses are serious. 5. Garlic rust mainly harms garlic leaves and garlic sprouts. It can also occur on leaf sheaths when the disease is heavy. Initially, oval or spindle-shaped lesions were formed on the surface of the leaves, the lesions were small, and the center gradually became orange-yellow. The suitable invasive temperature is 10°C-23°C. When the humidity is high or there are water droplets, 9°C-19°C can invade. In general, the onion weight of garlic mixed onion is heavy. 6, Garlic bacterial soft rot disease after garlic damage, first from the edge of the leaf or midrib, the formation of yellow-white streak, humidity, the lesion was yellow-brown soft rot, generally from the lower part of the foot from the upper part of the expansion, the latter part The whole plant died of wilting. Black soil and viscous heavy soils are heavy; if they are planted too early and nitrogen fertilizers are used excessively, they cause prolonged growth of garlic. 7, garlic virus disease victims of garlic, due to different virus types and the performance of different symptoms. Onion yellow dwarf virus disease showed dwarfing plants and leaves with yellow streaks; some of the leaves were green with only bright yellow strips; some leaves were mildly chlorotic and had no streaks. Leek yellow streak virus disease can cause yellow stripes on garlic leaves. If infected with a strong strain, yellow stripes appear on the leaves. If the virus is infected by weak lines, the stripes are few and light. Second, prevention and control measures 1, agricultural control choose a large, healthy, uniform or detoxification of high-quality garlic species. The "May 1st" type of rotation is carried out on land with severe disease incidence, ie, 5 years of garlic rotation for 1 year of wheat. Strengthen field management, timely enough sowing, reasonable close planting, adequate basal fertilizer, and more miscellaneous fertilizers, so that nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be reasonably matched to improve plant disease resistance, timely drainage after rain, remove diseased bodies in time, and reduce Field source. 2. Chemical control: For the stalk rot and purple spot, heavier plots, 40% carbendazim suspension or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP or 75% chlorothalonil WP may be used in autumn. According to the seed amount of 0.3%, the water was evenly sprayed on the seeds, and the seeds were boring for 5 hours after spraying. After drying, the seeds were sown. For stalk rot and gray mold, heavier plots occur in the early spring, with 50% carburene wettable powder 1500 times, or 40% carbendazim 600 times, or 70% methyl Topuzin 800 times liquid spray prevention, spray 7-8 days, and spray 2-3 times. If rust is found in this period, it can be sprayed with 20% triadimefon or 20% triadimefon 40-50 ml per mu and sprayed with the above mentioned agents. The late stage of garlic growth is leaf blight, purple spot, and viral disease. For plots mainly based on leaf blight, 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, 50% acetaminophen wettable powder 1500 times, or 40% carbendazim 600 times, spray 7-8 days Secondly, it can be used as a treatment for purple spot. For the plots mainly consisting of purple spot, it can be treated twice with 64% anti-virus WP 500 times or 75% WP 100 times, or 70% Mn Wettable powder 500 times solution can also treat leaf blight; if the occurrence of aphid is heavy in this period, it can also be mixed into pyrethroid pesticides to cure aphids to prevent virus infection and reduce the harm of virus disease.