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Autumn cabbage manure prevention
In the growth process of autumn cabbage, it is very sensitive to ground lice (also known as root pods). Once it is harmed, it will not only seriously reduce the yield and reduce the economic income, but also affect the edible value of cabbage. The mantle that damages autumn cabbage is a larva of the radish fly, which belongs to the order Diptera, Drosophilidae, and is a oligophagous pest. It mainly harms cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage and radish. Only by identifying such underground pests, and grasping its habits and patterns of activities, and adopting appropriate prevention and control measures can a better control effect be achieved. 1. Morphological characteristics 1. Adult insects resemble houseflies. Males are slightly thin and small, about 7 mm in length, l4mm in wingspan, dark brown in body, 3 black vertical lines on the back of the chest, and 1 black vertical line in the center of the abdomen and back. There are black stripes between the abdomen and back, and there are 8 small squares in the center of the abdomen and abdomen, and there is a sparse long hair below the hind legs. The female body is thick, and all the brown-brown, chest and abdomen have no markings on the back and the wings are dark yellow. At rest, both wings are laid on the back of the abdomen in a straight line, beyond the end of the abdomen, and the veins are all straight. The back hairs of the male and female anterior wings are approximately equal to those in the back of the gap between the shields. The distance between the two compound eyes of the female flies is large, and the distance between the two compound eyes of the 1/3 male eye with a breadth of about the width of the head is small, and the two eyes are almost in contact. 2. The egg is about 1.3mm long and has a long elliptical shape. It is slightly curved, with longitudinal grooves in the bend and milky white. 3. The larvae are pod-shaped and milky white. The mature larvae are gmm long with fine heads with 1 pair of black hooks. The tail is thick and has 6 pairs of protrusions. The 5th pair is large and divided into two forks. The 6th pair is short and small, but it is still prominent and does not fork. 4. The cocoon is about 7mm long, cylindrical, reddish-brown or yellow-brown, with 6 pairs of protrusions on the tail. Second, living habits Radish fly occurs every year for 1 generation every year, and the earthworms live in winter and dormancy period is about 10 months. The second year of adult emergence begins mainly in early August and continues until late September. The middle and late August is the most prosperous period. Adults come out in the morning, evening or on a cloudy day every day. When sunlight is strong at noon, they are hidden in the shade of Chinese cabbage. In autumn, the climate is warm and humid and occurs seriously. In the days after rainfall or irrigation, the number of adults significantly increased. After the adult was unearthed, eggs were laid on the topsoil or between the first layer and the second layer of the outer layer of the cabbage and the base soil around the base of the cabbage plant. The eggs were hatched as larvae for 4 to 7 days, and the larval period was about 30 days. After the emergence of the larvae, they first ate the base of the petiole adjacent to the root of the cabbage and the surrounding vegetable rags, and then ate the roots of the cabbage, which was a curved insect path or hole. When the temperature dropped, the damage was aggravated and the soft rot of the cabbage was easily induced. three. Control methods 1. Control of adults When the ratio of males and females is close to 1:1 or the amount of adults suddenly increases, it is necessary to control the appropriate period of adults. (1) According to the characteristics of radish flies having sucking sweet and sour liquid, sedation is carried out. With sugar 0.5kg, vinegar lkg, water 7.5kg, plus 20g trichlorfon powder, made into a mixture, in early August or so, in the field every 8 to 10m to dig a big bowl of pit, according to the pit Size into a plastic bag, down to 100g mixture, add a mixture every 10 days or so, which can kill a large number of adults. (2) When a sudden increase in the amount of adults was found, 90% crystals of trichlorfon 800-1000 times, or 80% dichlorvos-emulsifiable oil 1000 times, sprayed every 7 days, and sprayed 2 or 3 times to obtain control effect. 2. About 10 days after the adult larvae have emerged, the spawning period is prolonged, or when the rate of eggs in the field reaches 10%, it is the period for controlling larvae. (1) Apply sufficient fermented and decomposed organic fertilizer before sowing, and do deep application and uniform application, and isolate well from seeds. (2) At the time of sowing, 4 to 5 grains of coarse salt are sprinkled with the seeds for each pot to prevent oysters. (3) soaking the seeds with water, and then mixing them with the bottom ash, so that the seeds can be attached to the bottom of the pot ash, or at the time of sowing, each pinch is applied to a pinch hole oil, but also to prevent the occurrence of mantle . (4) 15-20kg of fine furnace ash with fine sand or sieve, mix 2.5% of 0.5% trichlorfon powder, and mix well and spread around the root of cabbage to prevent the root of Chinese cabbage. (5) Topdressing ammonia can also prevent the occurrence of mantle. About 30 days after the cabbage is planted, use aqueous ammonia lkg, add fresh water lkg, stir the roots, and irrigate the roots. Each fly irrigates about 150 to 200 g. Or combined with autumn cabbage irrigation, the ammonia slowly poured into the flow of water to furrow irrigation, so that it can not only prevent the occurrence of mantle, but also play a role in top dressing. (6) When the fall crops of fall cabbage are damaged, 90% of the crystal trichlorfon 1000 times, or 40% of dimethoate 1500 times, or 50% of phoxim 2000 times , About 200g per strain of irrigating solution, so that the medicine flow from the heart of cabbage to the rhizosphere, to ensure that the roots of soil moisture, the general irrigation root 1 to 2 times, can kill the earthworm.