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Use zebrafish as a new tool for studying innate immunity
Zebrafish are often used by researchers as a model organism for genetic disease research. Recently, researchers for the first time sequenced 36 genes that play a key role in the innate immune protection of zebrafish. This study will likely enable researchers to better understand infectious diseases and certain cancers. The relevant articles for this study were published in the online version of the recent Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences. Zebrafish is a small freshwater fish. Like humans, they also have two types of immune systems: innate and adaptive immune systems. The innate immune system provides first-line protection for the body. Humans and other vertebrates also evolved an adaptive immune system that uses antibodies and T-cell receptors to protect against various pathogens and avoid repetitive attacks. In the study, Dr. Litman and colleagues attempted to use advanced biotechnologies to understand the evolutionary details from innate to adaptive immunity. They first studied the genome of zebrafish and found a group of genomes called the new immunological receptor (NITR) gene. It is said that this gene can recognize a variety of surface molecules. A region of the NITR gene is similar to some regions of the antibody and T cell receptor genes, but the NITR gene cannot undergo complex genetic recombination like these adaptive receptors. The researchers also found that only one of the 36 NITR genes was associated with the activated form of innate immunity. By knocking out this gene, researchers may be able to eliminate innate immunity. The determination of the zebrafish NITR gene is an important step towards understanding the mechanism of non-specific innate immunity towards specific adaptive immunity. Researchers hope that zebrafish will become an important tool for understanding the mechanisms of innate immunity that cause adaptive immune responses and studying human immunodeficiency therapies.