Non-nuclear Shatang Tang, crown-shaped round head, dense branches, slightly open, moderate tree vigor, strong ability of the results, after planting, 2 to 3 years start results, annual per mu yield 2000 kg to 3,000 kg, more than four years can be rich About 5,000 pounds, ripening period from January to December, the fruit round or oblate, the fruit was cinnabar-like, red and beautiful, skin and flesh compact, but easy to separate, skin is not wet. The flesh is sweet and juicy, with no nuclear slag, crisp and crisp, and high quality. With the advantages of wide adaptability, strong cold resistance, long crude growth, short dwarfing, early longevity, high yield and stable production, and good market prospects, it has become the mainstream product in the citrus market.

The non-nuclear Shatangju is an evergreen fruit tree with strong adaptability to the soil and is suitable for cultivation in mountainous and paddy fields. How to plant a good non-nuclear Shatang orange and seize high quality, we combine many years of production practices, sum up the advanced production experience, and prepare the "non-nuclear Shatang orange cultivation techniques" information, aiming at mutual exchanges and benefiting fruit growers. Due to the time rush, unknown, please understand the correction.

I. Building gardens and planting

The overall planning of the construction of the park should include setting up drainage and irrigation systems and roads to facilitate field management and operation. Paddy field should consider energy-discharging irrigation, that is, water can be drained in rainy days, can be flooded in dry days, and dry land can be used as a premise to retain fertilizer and water. Paddy fields can be used in the form of shallow and deep grooves, that is, a deep ditch can be used to store water between every two rafts, and a shallow ditch can be used as a working line. After planting, by digging the earth and soil every year, the ditch will form a depth of 80 cm or more, so that the roots will absorb nutrients and the roots will grow deeper, prolonging the productive period. Planting specifications General paddy field spacing is 2 meters, spacing is about 3 meters, 110 acres suitable planting, mountain planting about 80 per acre. North wind and frost weather are not suitable for planting in winter. If winter plants are planted in December (the lunar month is the standard), a large number of new shoots will be issued and the spring shoots will be prosperous the next year. When planting, the roots should be thinned with yellow mud. The concentration of mud should be mud stained by hands. Fingerprints should not be seen but fingerprints should be suitable. In the mud, it is best to add the amount of ground calf manure and 6000 times the "love more" or 500 times the potency of the potassium nitrate solution, and 500 times the 70% thiophanate-methyl. The mixture is dissolved and added to the mud and then mixed. Root to promote rooting. Note that the mud should not be too strong, too strong will cause rot, "too much love" to add too much can cause dead seedlings. When planting, plant the hole on the surface of the planting hole to allow the new root group to stretch naturally, cover it with crushed soil, use the hand to straighten the main body, compact it evenly, make the root group and the soil fully affixed, and then pour the first time to set the root water. After the cover is laid, the roots are stabilized, and the tree disk is trimmed and then the second time the water is wetted to cover the topsoil. The territory must not cover the joints, and the grass should be covered with moisturizer. The pillars should be used to protect the seedlings and prevent the wind from shaking. Visual moisture conditions after planting water, in order to facilitate the growth of new roots. About 30 days after planting, open the top soil inspection, if there is a new root sprout, begin to apply the first thin fertilizer, with decomposed thin water and fertilizer is appropriate. After planting seedlings, the root groups are stretched, and the plants are already prosperous. Applying water fertilizer can add 0.2% urea or 0.3% compound fertilizer. When pouring water, pay attention not to drench the tree head. You must leave 20-30 centimeters away from the tree head. To promote early growth and longevity.

Orchards should select some fine grass species, such as the Chinese wolfberry cultivar (commonly known as white flowers and grass). Intercropping between the rows of rows can both increase the organic matter of the orchard covering the topsoil of the orchards, and it can also serve as a natural enemies for many types of pests and diseases, such as predators. , Grassy Mountain and predatory ladybugs provide protection. To achieve the purpose of pest control, but also can adjust the orchard's microclimate.

Second, soil management

The root group of non-nuclear-sandose orange is mostly in the top soil layer, especially in paddy fields, and the root system can grow only in the upper layer of the table. Therefore, the creation of good soil conditions conducive to the growth of root masses is an important measure for the cultivation of prosperous fruit trees. Since young orange orchards have a small range of canopy and root distribution, they can use inter-plant or inter-row beans, green manures, etc. to regulate the inter-park microclimate and favor root activity. However, inter-planting should be based on the principle of not affecting the growth of orange trees. After 3 years, the canopy is enlarged. It is generally no longer interplanted. It can be cultivated according to different seasons and weeds. Before the spring shoots in spring, the whole garden is withdrawn once lime, combined with Shi Chun Fei to promote roots and shoots, and summer and autumn should not be loosened. Prevent water damage, in the winter, it can be combined with clear gardens, sprayed or unplugged weeds, retained useful grass species, and cultivated earth and soil.

For paddy field cultivation, the gutter beside the gully should be controlled under a certain water line for a long time to avoid the roots from being leached by the roots. In the mountainous areas, the conditions should be open green, buried organic fertilizer, improve soil fertility, promote root deep drought. The root system favors new soil, and it is necessary to clear up the soil every year, thicken the soil layer, and place where conditions permit. Once a year, the soil should be used once more to improve the soil structure.

Different growth stages of orange trees require different moisture. They should be kept moist according to different seasons and seasons. The summer and autumn must be well-preserved, and the rain should be avoided. The drought should be promptly irrigated to keep the soil moist, and the autumn must be enriched. Robust, the fruit has normal moisture supply, and the winter root group is in a semi-dormant state. It should control the water properly, reduce the soil moisture and maintain the root mass; inhibit the winter shoots, increase the sap concentration, and promote flower bud differentiation.

Third, rational fertilization

Orange trees are evergreen, with many times of growth, large amount of growth, and a large number of flowering results. It is necessary to ensure sufficient supply of nutrients to guarantee early harvest, high yield, and high quality. Therefore, in each growth period, fertilization should be conducted timely and reasonably, and the fertility and fertility of the orchard soil should be continuously improved.

Fertilization should be dominated by organic fertilizers: peanut butter, soy bean bran, rapeseed bran and other cake fats, and then added to livestock and human feces, hair and so on. Complemented by industrial fertilizers, compound fertilizers are preferred, as are urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate, and trace elements such as magnesium, boron, zinc, manganese, and iron. Trace elements are mostly applied by external spraying. Lime can neutralize the soil pH and sterilize the soil. It is also a good calcium fertilizer. It can be used every year to spread wheat flour in the spring. It is about 100 to 200 pounds per acre. The surface of the surface has the best wet application and the green manure can be buried in the mountain. Add the appropriate amount of lime. The plant ash is rich in organic potassium and can be applied directly to the sorghum surface. Its leachate can be used as a top dressing.

Fertilization depends on different growth periods and different tree vigor. The annual tree fertilization, due to the weak root group, the use of fertilizer to diligently apply thin, mainly with quick-effect water and fertilizer, together with chemical nitrogen fertilizer shoot tip, promote shoot growth, rapid expansion of the crown, increase tree vigor, monthly dripping ripe water and fertilizer 1 to 2 times. Each time the new shoots are plucked 10 to 15 days before the new shoots stop growing, the quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is added 2 or 3 times, and the compound fertilizer or urea mixed water and fertilizer can be used. Each time, 5 kilos of water and fertilizer are used per mu, and 0.3 kg of chemical fertilizer is added for each. . Each time the new shoot can be sprayed with 0.3% magnesium sulfate, mixed with high-efficiency foliar fertilizer, combined with the prevention and control of pests and diseases, accelerating the shoots to turn green and protect the shoots. Normal management, adequate fertilizer and water, can cultivate spring, summer, late summer, autumn, late autumn and winter shoots 6 new shoots.

Two-year tree fertilization: The canopy has been expanded, and the root group has been expanded. Appropriately increasing the amount of fertilizer should be used to shoot shoots and shoots, reapply autumn shooter fertilizer, attack and spit a lot of autumn shoots, and strive for high yields in the coming year. Fertilizer supply in the tip after the tip of the application of organic fertilizer and fertilizer, should focus on 2 months before the autumn shoots sprouting (before the summer solstice) buried a long-lasting organic fertilizer, each bean cake about a pound.

Results of tree fertilization: heavy fertilizer in spring and autumn, summer light fertilizer or less fertilizer, long-term organic fertilizer buried in the winter. Fertilizer supply should meet the requirements of shoot growth and fruit development, increase fruit set rate, and ensure high yield. At the same time, it is necessary to cultivate the mother tree for the next year and strive for high yields and stable production. The results of tree fertilization should be specifically grasped, in the next few periods:

(1) Spring shoot fertilizer: The growth of spring shoots and the development of flowers and fruit requires a large amount of nitrogenous fertilizers, phosphorus, potassium fertilizers, and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, and boron to increase the tree potential and increase the fruit setting rate. Spring shoots before see buds, water and fertilizer can be used per acre 10 to 15 Tam, with 5 to 15 pounds of compound fertilizer pouring facilities: spring shoot bud stage can be combined with pest control outside the root dressing, strong flowers and fruits.

(2) Xie Huabao Fruit Fertilizer: As the flowering consumes a lot of nutrients, the leaf color retreats red, often causing a large number of falling flowers and falling fruit. The compound fertilizer can be used to supplement the nutrients. Generally, the plant produces 50 pounds of fruit trees and each plant has 2 to 3 of two suitable for spreading. Or reduce the amount of water and fertilizer applied. However, during this period, the vigorous tree vigor should be used as fertilizer to reduce the emergence of summer shoots to avoid fruit drop. A large number of summer shoots must be manually removed or sprayed to kill the top of the orange. To inhibit the growth of summer shoots, to avoid causing a lot of fruit drop.

(3) Autumn shoots are the best results in the coming year. Autumn shoot fertilizer is dominated by nitrogen fertilizer. In combination with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, it can bury more than one pound of bean cake during the first 2 months (about the summer solstice) of autumn shoots. During the great summer, topdressing 2 nitrogen fertilizers can make autumn shoots neat and robust. Autumn shoots turn green during the combination of spraying pest control drugs plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium sulfate for extra-root fertilizer, so that the old shoots turned green mature, favorable nutrients accumulated.

(4) Differentiation of flower buds and strong fruit fertilizer: The young shoots begin to mature and begin to accumulate nutrients and enter flower buds. The fruits, Liu, absorb large amounts of water and nutrients, and can be topdressed with potash fertilizer and compound fertilizer, 0.5% potassium sulfate, 0.5% compound can be used. Fertilizer with water and fertilizer applied 2 times, can also be used to spread vegetation ash, each tree can be used in the prime of the compound 2 two mixed potassium sulfate two applicator; fruit before and after harvest, can apply a quick-effect liquid fertilizer to strong tree vigor.

(5) After harvesting the fruits in winter, it can be combined with Qingyuan and buried with long-lasting organic fertilizer or fur-fat fertilizer. According to the plant condition, each tree of robust mother trees can bury more than 2 pounds of cake fertilizer to lay the foundation for next year's harvest.

Weak tree fertilization: There are many reasons for weakening the tree vigor. Diseases and insect pests, medicines, fertilizers, droughts, loquats, fruiting, and excessive consumption of nutrients will weaken the tree vigor. Therefore, to distinguish the reasons, handle them separately. Fertilization, the organic humic acid liquid fertilizer can be used "high Mei Shi" 2 two, urea 3 or double-double Taiwan fat, 100 pounds of water distribution with water, re-tighten the roots, the town every 15 days or so again pouring. Fertilizer should pay attention to the thin application of ground, avoid heavy fertilizer application.

Fertilization should pay attention to methods, so as to be less fat efficient, economical, and safe. Fertilizer should avoid the root head and bury it in the vertical position outside the crown. The soil is too wet for fertilization and the root reverse osmosis effect causes dehydration. The soil is too wet to fertilize, resulting in oxygen depleted roots. Therefore, fertilization should use less soil and less moisture. Can not be partial nitrogen fertilizer, pay attention to increase phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium fertilizer. When urea is applied to the end of the leaf or the middle of the leaf is dry, the orchard should be stopped. The manure, livestock waste and other water and fertilizers must be fully cooked before they can be used.

Fourth, timely trim

Timely pruning is of great significance for cultivating early-season high-yielding canopies, rejuvenating tree vigor, and seizing continuous high-yield stability.

Juvenile tree cultivation involves the rapid expansion of the crown to create a larger volume of results. When the annual saplings have the weight of fertilizer, water, and medicine, they can take six new shoots in spring, summer, late summer, autumn, late autumn, and winter shoots. How to put down the shoots? When the new shoot turns green and mature, the main branch has buds sprouting, indicating that a new generation of shoots has sprouted. At this time, the tip of the old shoot can be cut off and vomiting neat and robust. Tip can be used 30PPM concentration "920" with 600 times solution thiophanate or 500 times carbendazim spray short shots of the old tip, prompting the new shoots quickly and neatly erupt. After the new shoots are sprouted, we must eliminate too wang, too weak and dense shoots to make the shoots evenly distributed and strong. The short tips must be carried out with the branches fully mature, otherwise they will not work. Autumn trees in two-year-old trees are the best mother trees for fruiting in the third year and are generally no longer short-cut.

3 to 4 years old trees have been fruiting, the crown has been opened, it is necessary to pay attention to remove the lychee lychee, transform the leggy branch into the result mother branch, adjust the tree vigor to form a round head wave shape, improve the result volume. After spring flowering, some flowerless and too strong branches are removed, so that nutrients are concentrated in the buds. Summer shoot withdrawal period, to inhibit its growth, so as not to take young fruit nutrients, resulting in a large number of fruit drop. Autumn shoots germination period, we must strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, short shots of old shoots, promote long and neat autumn shoots.

Trees over 5 years old have entered a period of rich production. Attention should be paid to the uniform distribution of lychee twigs without affecting the volume of fruit. Aging tree renewal can be combined with fruit picking. Short branches of fruit trees with long branches of nutrient transfer lines can be shortened and dwarfed from the base. Shoots can be promoted at the lower part of the treetops to renew the tree body, which also promotes regeneration of the root system under the tree. Rejuvenate the tree.

V. Prevention of pests and diseases

Prevention and control of pests and diseases, as the name implies, is prevention and prevention. At present, the main pests in the production of shatangju are leaf leaf moth, hibiscus, papilionidae, aphids, cockroaches, and scale insects. The diseases include ulcer disease, anthrax, scab, and yellow dragon disease. Pests and diseases are the major enemies in production. Disease resistance and insecticide are the key to production. First, we must introduce disease-free sterile seedlings to cultivate strong trees. Pest control is based on the principle of “prevention from prevention and prevention from over control”. It is found that pests are sprayed in time, and the source of latent epizootics must be thoroughly removed in winter. Should be based on different growth periods. Different climate conditions, flexibility.

Commonly used drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases include thiophanate, chlorothalonil, carbendazim, mancozeb, Bordeaux fluid, and lime sulfur. Each time the new shoots from the shear period (turn green) can be used 800 times thiophanate-methyl or 600 times carbendazim mixed insecticide spray, the prevention effect is significant. Every time a typhoon rains, the leaves are vulnerable to infection and disease, and the insecticide spray and bactericidal drugs should be complexed after heavy storms. Datian control can be used to spray water around the tree head with 1000-1500 cupric sulfate per year before spring sprouting in the spring, which can effectively prevent and cure various diseases. To find local lesions, we must focus on radical cure and prevent proliferation.

Insecticide should master the characteristics of various pest activities, avoid the peak period of insect population, and put them together in a uniform manner to promote tip spraying. Each time the new shoot-out period, we must promptly kill all kinds of pests such as locusts, hibiscus, red spider, leaf miner, leaf-eating insects, etc., so that the shoots turn green and robust: In addition to spraying at the peak of insect pests. Outside the killing, comprehensive prevention and control throughout the year is particularly important, to ensure that the normal secondary spraying interval does not exceed 25 days. Drugs should be combined with pest resistance, timely adjustment of drug species.

The best choice for spraying is to choose no wind and rain. After the dew is dry in the morning, it is advisable to spray the fruit before spraying the fruits of the leaves before the evening (ie, the absorption of the liquid). In summer and autumn, the oral intake is strong and high-level liquid burns should be avoided. The liquid spray should be even and the leaves and leaves should be sprayed wet, but they should not be sprayed to the drip. General insecticides can be combined with bactericides and top-dressing fertilizers to reduce the workload, but the top-dressing and bactericidal drugs are best to choose to do better in the evening or cloudy days.

Dispensing should pay attention to drug contraindications, can not be coveted and convenient, such as Bordeaux liquid to be sprayed alone, lime sulfur and other basic drugs generally can not be mixed with acidic drugs, so as not to reduce the efficacy or disarm.

The market access system for agricultural products has been implemented in order to prevent fruit pesticide residues from exceeding the standard. Biological control technologies should be vigorously promoted, and new technologies such as “treating drugs with phlegm” should be implemented, and biological pesticides should be used. A moth-killing lamp can be hung in places where power is available, and it can instantaneously kill a variety of phototaxis insects. Minimize the use of highly toxic pesticides to make the product a pollution-free, pollution-free green health food.

Sixth, promoting flowers and fruits

Orchard management is based on the premise of nurturing strong growth. Strong tree vigor, strong resilience and easier to manage. The purpose of cultivation is to promote vegetative growth into reproductive growth and increase yield and quality. Therefore, all the normal growing fruit trees should take relevant measures to promote flower bud differentiation, more flowering, more results, seize high yield and quality.

(1) Control fertilizer to make water and promote flower bud differentiation. Autumn shoots are the best results of the mother tree. When the autumn shoots turn green, they begin to accumulate nutrients. The fertilizer should be properly controlled to prevent the sprouting of winter shoots, so as to avoid depletion of tree nutrients. Water control in winter can increase sap concentration and promote flower bud differentiation. However, control of water should prevent chilling and defoliation. In case of severe north winds or cracks in the surface, it can be used to lightly water “running horses” in the wind and then continue to control the water.

(2) Before and after heavy snowfall each year, that is, in November or early December, measures must be taken to prevent the emergence of winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation, which is the key to the fruit production of the vertical years. At present, the more effective method is to use Sichuan-made paclobutrazol diluted 300 to 400 times mixed dormant l packet (20 ml), add 10.0 kg of water and mix well in sunny afternoon or cloudy day. Pay attention to spray the wet leaves of the leaves, spray again about every 15 days.

(3) ring cut promotion flower. Growing fruit trees that are too prosperous, or fruit trees that have had less flowers over the years, can be circumcised. Ring cutting can prevent the nutrient of the tree from flowing down, accumulate nutrients in the upper part of the tree, increase the concentration of sap, and promote flower bud differentiation. The round of weather conditions can be observed in the middle or late December. It is advisable to cut the cortex with a special ring cutter without damaging the xylem, and the ring-cutting part cuts the main branch, the sub-branch, or the branch partially. In October-November, circumcised and easy to fall leaves should not be carried out. Ring cutting can not cut the xylem, should be carried out in the site above 20CM. Pay attention to fertilizer and water management after circumcising, and do not spray lime and other strong pesticides to prevent falling leaves.

(4) Ring cut fruit. The prosperous tree can be used to cut the fruit. When the first physiological fruit drop (ie, fruit drop with a bud stem) period, cut the main branch of the cortex in a circle, you can reduce the second phase of fruit drop. After 20 days, the second cut was performed depending on the fruit setting rate and weather conditions.

(5) Top-dressing, spraying of trace elements and hormones, and flower protection. From the flowering stage to the spring bud stage, borax, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and thiophanate can be sprayed twice with a concentration of 0.2% (once every 15 days). Xie Hua after the end of the knot with dressing, plus 600 times "love more" spray 1 to 2 times.

7. The key measures that must be implemented for the varieties of non-nuclear sand oranges

Gibberellin (ie 920) is an effective fruit setter for citrus, especially for seedless varieties. It has been discovered in recent years that its effect on fruit set is very important. The following describes the time and method of administration:

After blossoming, until the style is shed about 80%, measures must be taken immediately to preserve the fruit. The method is to use “920” powder, which must be produced by the Shanghai Solvent Factory or the Shanghai 18 Plant to prevent the use of counterfeit or inferior products. The "920" powder should be diluted with alcohol or high spirits and then diluted with water. The entire process should be sprayed 2-3 times. After the first use, it should be sprayed every other day for another 15 days. The second time the result can be determined again. The use of concentration is: the first one gram of water 80 jin, the second one gram of water 60 jin, if the fruit is normal, the third time can not spray. However, it was found that there was continued fruition, and the weather was damp and there was too much water. It was sprayed for the third time and 60 jin per gram of water.

During fruit protection, depending on the growth condition, cytokinin, amino acid glycophospholipids, polynucleotides, or Hua Guo Ling can be used in combination with spraying.

The medication must be done on a sunny afternoon or on a cloudy day. Pay attention to the uniformity of the spray and use wet, not dripping water. After spraying the medicine, in case of rain within four hours, it must be sprayed.

No matter what method is used to promote flower and fruit protection, it can only be an auxiliary means. The most important thing is to strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, eradicate pests and diseases in time, and cultivate strong tree vigor.

Eight, reasonable harvest

Orange harvest, to achieve timely harvest, picking in batches. Generally, fruit color, flavor and taste are good, and the commodity value is high. Fruit picking should not be done once the whole plant is harvested, resulting in imbalance of the orange tree's physiological balance, dehydration of the plant, and leaf defoliation. Reasonable fruit-picking, in order to improve the quality of fruit and keep the principle of leaves, first harvest before harvest, fruit picking in stages, is conducive to the restoration of tree vigor and flower bud differentiation.

Hydroponics is a subset of hydroculture, the method of growing plants without soil, using mineral nutrient solutions in a water solvent. Terrestrial plants may be grown with only their roots exposed to the mineral solution, or the roots may be supported by an inert medium, such as perlite or gravel. The nutrients in hydroponics can come from an array of different sources; these can include but are not limited to waste from fish waste, duck manure, or normal nutrients.

Greenhouse Hydroponic System

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