Phosphorus-reducing seedlings usually occur in the tillering stage after slowing down, showing slow growth, short plants, slender, erect leaves, dark green leaves, neat ends of leaf clusters, significantly reduced leaf pitch, and some red tips. The old leaves are brown and even dead. Causes: First, the soil lacks available phosphorus; second, the soil temperature, water temperature is low, or soil contains hydrogen sulfide, ferrous and other reducing harmful substances, so that the root absorption capacity is reduced; Third, excessive nitrogen fertilizer, effective nutrient loss Relatively balanced. Control measures Based on the data of the effective components of phosphorus measured by the “Measurement and Fertilization Method”, a reasonable amount of phosphorus was determined.

Zinc-deficient seedling rice is lightly deficient in zinc, with brown spots on the base leaves; moderate zinc deficiency, light green leaves, increased rust, mid-green chlorosis and whitening; severe zinc deficiency, shortened leaf spacing, growth inhibition, new leaves Smaller, shorter plants, impede childbirth, severe black roots, delayed heading, and severely reduced yields. Causes: Low effective zinc content in the soil, or application of phosphate fertilizer, excessive ammonia, imbalance of ammonia and zinc; In addition, the amount of organic fertilizer applied, together with long-term accumulation of water, can easily lead to zinc deficiency. Prevention and control measures: 667m2 zinc sulfate 1 ~ 1.5 kg, or after slowing, shrinking seedlings shallow topdressing 0.1% ~ 0.2% zinc sulfate solution.

The reduction of salt-alkali damage is a complication of saline-alkali, phosphorus deficiency, and zinc deficiency. It mostly occurs in coastal rice areas. The main manifestation is that the leaves turn green and dry from top to bottom, and the root system quickly necroses. The phenomenon of spiting water, the lower blade tip vertical roll after the chlorosis from the leaf base, and the upward development until the leaves die. Causes: The saline or alkali content of the soil or irrigation water is high, or the pH of the irrigation water is high. Prevention and control measures: Salt alkali soil rice area should engage in bubble soda alkali, during the rice growth period, according to the ability of the rice to resist salinity at different growth stages, strictly grasp the saline water standard of irrigation water, reach the irrigation water flow and make the surface and drainage level Maintain a water level difference of more than 40 cm to reduce the acidity of paddy fields.

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