Indication:
Vitamin B12,Vitamin Supplement,Vitamins For Energy,Vitamin B12 Injection Hebei Kexing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , https://www.kexingpharma.com
Acute metabolic disorder: such as debility of female animal after giving birth and disease.
Chronic metabolic disorder: early disease of young animal, malnutrition, growth blocked;
Metabolic disorder:: inappetence, Lactation reduction, stress, Frailty.
Catalepsy caused by anemia, exhaustion.
Improve animal immunity and growth of young animals.
Enhance muscular and body strength of racing, working or laying animals.
Vitamin B12 Injectionis for animals malnutrition, improper raising management and disease-caused metabolic disturbance, dysplasia of young animals, reduction of immunity and depression.It bears strong antioxidation, in low concentration, effectively restraining the autoxidation of fat and increasing the anabolism of each part of animal body by simple physical stimulating mode, improving function of liver,, smooth muscle and skeletal system, helping the muscular system recovering from tiredness, lower the stress reaction.
Technical indicators of experimental animal grades and their breeding environment
Technical indicators of experimental animal grades and their breeding environment
According to the "GB 14925-2001 National Standards for Laboratory Animal Environment and Facilities" , experimental animals refer to artificial breeding, control of carrying microorganisms, clear genetic background or clear source for scientific research, teaching, production, verification and other Scientific experimental animals. In terms of microbial control, experimental animals are divided into four grades:
Primary animal (CV)
Ordinary animals do not carry the prescribed pathogens of zoonotic diseases and zoonotic infectious diseases.
Secondary clean animal (CL)
In addition to requiring zoonotic and potent infectious agents and common infectious agents, clean animals are also required to exclude animals that interfere with large pathogens in scientific experiments. Clean-grade animals are the main quality control animals currently used in China. They have been widely used in animal experiments in the fields of life science research, new drug development and safety evaluation. They have played a clean animal and are easy to control quality. The experimental factors have less interference and have the advantages of better sensitivity and repeatability.
Specific pathogen free animal (SPF)
A specific pathogen-free animal is one in which no specific microorganisms or parasites exist in the body, but non-specific microorganisms and parasites are allowed to exist. Therefore, it actually refers to healthy animals without infectious diseases. These animals are currently the most widely used experimental animals in foreign countries. Their sources can be derived from the descendants of sterile animal breeding, and can also be bred by SPF parent animals in the environment of isolation barrier facilities after the birth of the fetus. It does not carry microorganisms that cause disease to humans or animals themselves, but does not rule out microorganisms that can propagate vertically through the placental barrier.
Germ free animal (GF) and Gnotobiotic animal (GN)
Sterile animals refer to pathogens that do not carry major potential infections or conditions and interfere with scientific experiments, except for pathogens that should be excluded from cleaning animals. Sterile animals are in the sterile barrier system, the fetus is removed by laparotomy, and the breeding is carried out in a sterile isolator. The feed and drinking water are disinfected and regularly tested to prove that there are no microorganisms or parasites (including most viruses) in and out of the animal. animal. The "bacteria" of a sterile animal mainly refers to bacteria, and strictly includes microorganisms such as fungi, rickettsia, mycoplasma, and viruses, and various parasites. The so-called "none" is not absolute, but it is impossible to detect known microorganisms and parasites within a certain period of time based on existing scientific knowledge and inspection methods. With the development of science and technology, animals that are now considered sterile may be able to detect microorganisms and parasites rather than sterile animals in the future, because this "none" is relatively speaking. Up to now, microbial assays for sterile animals have not yet been established. Therefore, there are various methods for investigators, and there are still quite a few problems in the examination of viruses and rickettsia. For example, in sterile animals, the most used sterile mice in the laboratory, electron microscopy confirmed that there are still examples of leukemia virus in thymocytes. Therefore, the so-called sterile animals now mean that the animals fail in vivo or in vitro. Animals that detect bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and internal and external parasites are more appropriate. Anima animals, also known as known animals or known flora (Anima with Known Bacterial Flora), are obtained by the same method as sterile animals (stomach removal, feeding in a separator), but clear An animal of a known microorganism administered in an object, that is, an animal containing a known monologue, Dixenie, Trixenie or Polyxenie. Since the animals and the sterile animals are kept in a sterile isolator, the accuracy of the experiment is very high, and the various unclear microbes in the animal can be excluded. Interference, often used to study the relationship between microorganisms and host animals, and to select a microorganism for research purposes.
Different grades of experimental animals need to be reared in different levels of environment and facilities. The experimental animal breeding environment is divided into three categories, namely, common environment, barrier environment, and isolation environment. Each type of environment has strict technical standards, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. Ordinary environment : This environmental facility meets the basic requirements for animal living, can not completely control infectious agents, and is suitable for general-grade experimental animals for breeding and other purposes. Barrier environment : This environmental facility is suitable for breeding CL experimental animals and SPF experimental animals. People, animals and items entering the barrier must undergo strict microbiological control. The air enters the barrier system through an inefficient, medium-efficiency and high-efficiency filter, and the cleanliness reaches 10,000. The air-conditioning air supply system is used to form a static corridor, animal room, pollution corridor, and outdoor static pressure gradient to prevent reverse air formation. Pollution. The direction of air, people, animals and articles adopts a one-way circulation route. Workers should wear sterile overalls, masks and hats after showering to minimize direct contact with the animals. Isolation environment : This environmental facility uses sterile isolation devices to preserve sterile or no foreign contaminated animals. The air, feed, water, litter and equipment in the isolators are sterile, and the dynamic transfer of animals and materials requires a special delivery system that ensures absolute isolation from the environment and maintains transport of animals. The internal environment is consistent. This environmental facility is suitable for breeding SPF, Gnotobiotic and germ free laboratory animals. Workers can only raise or experiment with rubber gloves on the isolation device. After the articles are sterilized by packaging, they are introduced into the sterilized ferry or transfer window; the animals are entered through the sterile caesarean section; the air entering the isolation device should be highly filtered to ensure that the air cleanliness in the isolation device reaches 100 levels. Sterile and maintain a positive pressure state. The negative pressure state can also be maintained according to the experimental requirements, but an air discharge device is required to ensure that the air discharge meets the standard.
Table 1 Environmental indicators of experimental animal breeding and production facilities (static)
project
index
Mouse, rat, guinea pig, hamster
Dogs, monkeys, cats, rabbits, miniature pigs
chicken
Ordinary environment
Barrier environment
Isolation environment
Ordinary environment
Barrier environment
Isolation environment
Barrier environment
Temperature, °C
18~29
20~26
16-28
20-26
16-28
Daily temperature difference, °C≤
-
4
-
4
4
Relative temperature, %
40-70
Number of air changes, times / h
8-10
10-20 1
20-50*
8-10
10-20 1
20-50 1
10-20 2
Air velocity, m/s
0.1-0.2
Pressure gradient, Pa
-
20-50 2
100-150
-
20-50 2
100-150
20-50 2
Air cleanliness, level
-
10000
100
-
10000
100
10000
Number of bacteria, one / dish ≤
30
3
No checkout
30
3
No checkout
3
Ammonia concentration mg/m 3 ≤
14
Noise dB ≤
60
Illuminance, lx
Working illumination
150-300
Animal illumination
15-20
100-200
5-10
Day and night, alternating light, h
12/12 or 10/14
Note: The ammonia concentration indicator in the table is a dynamic indicator.
1 Generally, a new style of wind is used to ensure that the animal room has enough fresh air. If dust particles and toxic and harmful gases are removed in advance, the possibility of using circulating air is not excluded, but the recirculated air is limited to the same unit, and the fresh air should not be less than 50%. And to ensure the temperature and humidity parameters of the wind supply.
2 Single corridor facilities must ensure the highest pressure in the breeding room and laboratory.
Table 2 Animal experimental facilities (equipment 3 ) environmental indicators (static)
project
index
Mouse, rat, guinea pig, hamster
Dogs, monkeys, cats, rabbits, miniature pigs
chicken
Ordinary environment
Barrier environment
Isolation environment
Ordinary environment
Barrier environment
Isolation environment
Barrier environment
Temperature, °C
19-26
20-25
16-26
18-22
16-26
Daily temperature difference, °C ≤
4
3
4
3
3
Relative humidity,%
40-70
Number of air changes, times / h
8-10
10-20 1
20-50 1
8-10
10-20 1
20-50 1
20-50 1
Air velocity, m/s
0.1-0.2
Pressure gradient, Pa
-
20-50 2
100-150
-
20-50 2
100-150 2
100-150
Air cleanliness, level
-
10000
100
-
10000
100
100
Drop the number of bacteria, one / dish ≤
30
3
No checkout
30
3
No checkout
No checkout
Ammonia concentration mg/m3 ≤
14
Noise dB ≤
60
Illuminance, lx
Working illumination
150-300
Animal illumination
15-20
100-200
5-10
Day and night, alternating light, h
12/12 or 10/14
Note: The ammonia concentration indicator in the table is a dynamic indicator.
1 Generally, a new style of wind is used to ensure that the animal room has enough fresh air. If dust particles and toxic and harmful gases are removed in advance, the possibility of using circulating air is not excluded, but the recirculated air should be taken from the non-polluted area or the same unit, the fresh air should not be less than 50%, and the temperature and humidity of the supply air should be guaranteed. parameter.
2 Single corridor facilities must ensure the highest pressure in the breeding room and laboratory.
3 The animal experimental equipment here refers to the equipment that guarantees the local environment where the animal is located should meet the environmental indicators when the animals are raised and tested.
references
1. National Standard of the People's Republic of China GB 14925-2001 Laboratory Animal Environment and Facilities