Pancake meal is the remnant of oilseeds to extract most of the oil, including bean cakes, peanut cakes, cottonseed cakes, rapeseed cakes, sesame cakes, sunflower cakes or oysters. These feeds have a high crude protein content and are the major protein source in fish feeds. However, these feeds have low levels of methionine, low levels of phosphorus and calcium, lack of carotene, and contain some toxic substances, affecting their palatability and digestibility.

Raw soybean meal cake contains anti-trypsin and other harmful substances, poor palatability, suitable for use after appropriate heat treatment; cottonseed cake contains gossypol and other harmful substances, pay attention to the ratio of adult fish feed should be controlled below 30%, broodstock The amount of feed cottonseed cake should not exceed 5%; rapeseed meal contains a series of toxins or anti-nutritional factors, in order to improve its effectiveness, to avoid poisoning, generally limited use, and a good mix (with the use of fish meal, bean cake) Or add lysine; Peanut cake contains anti-trypsin, so should pay attention to heat treatment before use, generally about 120 °C when the anti-trypsin is controlled; sunflower cake is good palatability, and non-toxic, calcium, phosphorus The vitamin B content is even higher than soybean cake.

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