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Brown Plum Cultivation Technique
In the past 10 years, China has introduced a large number of new breeds of Brown Lang from abroad, and has successively introduced it into various provinces and municipalities. After many years of observation and identification, some new varieties have been identified in various places. In order to meet the needs of production development and popularize scientific seeding techniques, our center has specially prepared the following simple cultivation techniques for reference by producers. First, the high standard of building a park, garden choice: should choose to open to the sun, gentle slope, thick soil, PH value of 5.5-7, convenient transportation, better water conservancy, no environmental pollution. Since Brown Lang is more afraid of Chinese Li, especially peach rootstock, it is more resistant to picking. Therefore, it is better to choose the soil with good slope or drainage conditions to ensure that there is no accumulation of water in the garden. If you build a garden on a flat land or on a low-lying land, you should open up the land and use half-dry cultivation. 2, deep plowing to improve the soil: the establishment of the park, the first line according to the line spacing specifications set fixed point, the sulcus to dig soil or digging and planting points, requires a deep width of 7080cm. When digging, topsoil and soil and soil are piled on both sides for backup. Fill in 2-3 layers for backfilling. Manuscript rods and topsoil fill the layers. The top layer of miscellaneous fertilizers and phosphate fertilizers fills the ground. Solid side, the final intentions of earth into a bandit or mound about 30cm above the ground. Then fully fill the water and wait for the soil to sink for two months before planting. 3, the choice of high-quality strong seedlings: high-quality seedlings is a prerequisite for premature high-yield, root system should be developed, thick seedlings, full and full of buds, seedling height above 70cm seedlings. To transport seedlings in the field, the root system must be protected. If there is more water loss, use a water-immersed root for a day and night and fully absorb water before planting. 4. Pollination Tree Configuration: Most varieties of Brown Plum are self-contained and pollinated trees must be configured. Even if the self-pollination varieties are strong and the appropriate pollination trees are configured, the fruit set-up rate will be significantly increased and the yield will be increased. The allocated pollination trees must have the same flowering period. The proportion of the main cultivars and pollination cultivars is generally 5-6:1. 5. Reasonable close planting: Take the north and south as the direction, take the line and set the point. The general line spacing is 32 meters, 111 acres planted. When planting, the root system is stretched around and evenly distributed on the mound within the hole. Then the soil is filled and the tree trunk is gently lifted to make the root system in close contact with the soil and properly stepped in. The planting depth is the depth of the original Miao auxiliary (yellow The junction is best and avoid planting too deep. Immediately after planting, the roots were filled with water and covered with plastic film to increase the survival rate. Second, soil and fertilizer water management 1, soil management (1) deep plowing to improve soil. As the tree crown expands year by year, deep ploughing and burrowing should be carried out between the rows of trees outside the canopy after the fruit is harvested and before the deciduous season, combined with the application of organic fertilizer (including draft stalks). (2) Weeding and weeding, 4-5 times of cultivating and weeding after rain during the period from April to August each year; in the summer, it is better to cover the tree plate and the ground with manuscript to achieve the effect of moisturizing and cooling. 2, fertilization management (1) base fertilizer. Late-stage human and animal manure, cake fertilizer, and green manure are the main organic fertilizers. In the autumn (October), depending on the size of the tree, 20-50 kilograms of each base fertilizer is applied. Ring groove, Shi points can be. The drip line is the best place for fertilization. Do not apply to the tree shrews. (2) Dressing. The pre-emergence topdressing is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer; nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are applied after anthesis; phosphorus and potash fertilizers are applied to topdressing fruits; topdressing nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers after fruit harvest. 3. Water Management Brown Prunus is a drought-tolerant fruit tree, but requires sufficient water supply throughout the growing season. Orchard water supply must be timely and appropriate in order to improve the yield and quality, generally combined with irrigation when fertilizing. At the same time, the water in the orchard will be avoided, causing root rot, yellow leaves and severe fruit drop; water accumulation will take too long (more than 6 days) to die. Therefore, during the rainy season, special attention should be paid to the drainage of the orchards to prevent the accumulation of water. Third, the plastic trim 1, commonly used tree (1) natural happy shape. Dry height 40-60cm, without leaving the central leadership, the main trunk selected to stay 3-4 main branches, the base adjacent to each other about 15cm spacing between the main branches, extending 45-55 angle outward extension, azimuth distribution, each Two to three lateral branches were left on the main branch, the distance between the bases of the lateral branches was 50-60 cm, and a certain number of branch groups were established on the side branches and main branches of the opening angle of 60-70. (2) "V" shape. Also known as the two main branches happy shape, originated in Australia in the 70's. The "V"-shaped tree is generally planted in a north-south direction, with a relatively small plant spacing (about 1.5 meters); a dry height of 40-50 cm, leaving two major branches per plant, the main branch is bent right and left, and extends in the east-west direction. The two main branches The included angle is 60 degrees; no branchlets are left on the main branch, and several branch groups are directly generated, and the distance is generally 15-20cm. 2. Pruning Techniques (1) Sapling pruning: Light shearing and slow release are mainly adopted, and toppings, brushing buds, short cuttings and sparse cutting measures are used to promote branching, and a certain number of main branches and lateral branches are selected; Pulling, hanging and other methods, adjust the opening angle and orientation of the main branches and lateral branches; keep auxiliary branches on each part, and provide appropriate large, medium, and small result branches. Pruning in summer, timely removal of excessive standing branches and competing branches, and maintaining the coordinated growth of various types of shoots. (2) Pruning at full fruit period: The method of updating and replacing the bar is often used to adjust the angle and growth of the tip of the stem branch to achieve the purpose of suppressing the former and promoting the size of the tree and maintaining the tree vigor. The approach is to remove the prosperous branches, dense branches and competing branches in the upper and outer areas, and retain the proper amount of the doctrine of the mean tree; the pruning and thinning of the branches and groups will remain strong, the sparse and old people will stay new, and they will be updated and rejuvenated in batches in a planned manner. Quantity and growth. The leggy branches on the backs of the large trees and the main branches should be cut off promptly. Other dense branches, branches and branches and thin and thin branches shall be removed. 3. Fruit thinning: Most varieties of Brown Plum have a high rate of fruit set, resulting in too many fruits, resulting in small fruit, poor quality, and debilitating tree vigor, affecting the next year's output and forming years of size. Therefore, reasonable thinning and fruit thinning are one of the main measures to achieve high production, stable production, and high quality. The sooner the fruit thinning period is, the better, and the production is often carried out after the second physiological fruit drop, when the fruit set is relatively stable. The method of thinning the fruit is to remove the chlorosis fruit, disease and fruit, malformed fruit and small fruit first, and then remove the other excess fruit, and retain the quantitative normal large fruit. The standard for the amount of fruit remaining is: 3-4 long fruit branches, 2-3 middle fruit branches, 1-2 short fruit branches, and 1 fruit branch. IV. Pest Control 1. Disease (1) Perforation: The main damage to leaves, branches and fruits is to harm the leaves. In severe cases, it will cause a lot of fallen leaves and weaken the tree potential. Control methods: 1 combined with winter pruning, cut off diseased branches concentrated burned. 2 Spray 4 degrees lime sulfur before germination, spraying 250 times lime-type Bordeaux mixture or agricultural streptomycin mixed chlorothalonil spray before spreading. (2) Red dot disease. The main damage to the leaves and fruit, leaf disease, leaf color yellow, early leaves. After the onset of the disease, an orange-red round lesion appeared, which turned black and red. The affected fruit was deformed and easily fell off. Control methods: When the leaves buds are open and the fruit is inflated, spray 240 times lime twice the amount of Bordeaux mixture, or spray two or three times from the middle of May to the end of June. Tuite 700 times. Other diseases can be treated concurrently in the prevention and treatment of perforation and red spot disease. 2. Insect pests (1) Locust worms: The young larvae feed on young fruit, and the larvae feed on the flesh in the vertical and horizontal directions. Direct fruit. The hole in the damaged fruit flows out of white pectin, and the fruit surface quickly turns red and easily falls off. Control methods: 1 Before the larvae break out of the soil, spray 50% phoxim emulsion 200 times on the ground. 2 Spray 50% phoxim 700-900 times solution on the larval hatching tree. 3 Adults were trapped and killed with sweet and sour liquid during adulthood. (2) Real bees: Their eggs are produced in the skin of receptacles or pods. They hatch in the early stages of cultivar flowering. The larvae invade into the fruit. The pods are small, such as pinholes, and are black spots. After the larvae have eaten fruit, they will eat the flesh and eat the nucleolus. The victim will fall off automatically in late April. Control methods: Combine aphids before flowering, spray 50% phoxim 700-900 times, or spray 20% of extinction, and speed extinction to kill 2000-3000 times. (3) Red-necked longhorn gourd: Harm the trunk, causing empty trunks, weak tree vigor, small yellow leaves, and severe tree death. Control methods: May-July kill adult worms, use poisoned poison to kill larvae.