Gingo biloba (Gingo biloba) is an economic tree species that is also used as a fruit, tree, and leaf. It is rich in nutrients. It is both edible and medicinal. Its leaves contain flavonoids that are effective in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The root can be used as medicine and its material is excellent. It is an ideal material for modern furniture and decoration. Since the whole body of Ginkgo biloba is a treasure, the economic value is high. Ginkgo biloba is widely developed and cultivated throughout the country. The frequent transport of seedlings, the increase of pure forest, extensive management, and the rapid development of diseases and pests directly affect the growth of Ginkgo biloba and cause huge economic losses. Therefore, the ginkgo diseases and insect pests have become a problem that people are very concerned about, and related research work has gradually begun. The occurrence characteristics of ginkgo major pests and their control strategies are described below. I. Characteristics of main diseases and insect pests of Ginkgo biloba 2. Ginkgo biloba root rot Ginkgo biloba root rot is caused by one or more fungi of the fungus, and when the disease occurs seriously, it causes yellow leaves and even death. The onset begins in May of each year, and the peak onset occurs from June to September. The occurrence of diseases is closely related to soil drainage, irrigation, fertilization, and management. Because the roots of Ginkgo biloba are thicker, they are more viscous and have poor air permeability, water accumulation, partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, and cutting off a large number of roots, which are prone to disease. 3. Ginkgo biloba yellow disease Ginkgo biloba disease causes The first is the long-term use of chemical fertilizers, organic fertilizer is rarely applied, soil zinc deficiency, resulting in soil compaction, low humus content, poor soil fertility; the second is because of drought, especially In early June, if the temperature is too low, the phenomenon of yellowing appears early. 4. The pathogen of ginkgo powdery mildew is powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) which mainly damages the young branches of Ginkgo biloba and branches of large trees. The incidence rate in hot mountainous regions is 20% to 30%. Powdery mildew began to occur in late winter and was most severe from March to May of the following year. At high temperatures in the middle of summer, germs crossed the bad environment on the twig with mycelia. At the time of onset, a thick layer of white hyphae developed on the branches, resulting in necrosis of the phloem, with the upper leaves dead and broken. In the low-lying, damp, planted dense, poor ventilation, partial nitrogen fertilizer, is conducive to the occurrence and prevalence of the disease. 5. Ginkgo biloba termite termites (Coptotermes formosanus shirahi) nest in the trunk of Ginkgo biloba, nesting site in the base of the trunk, and more than a breast diameter of more than 30? Diabetes girth diameter of 30 to 90? The rate was 3.06%. The termite termites used to feed on the xylem during the period from April to October. Because the termite-eroded trees often exhibited dry tops, large branches were broken or the whole plant died. 6. Ginkgo biloba ultra-small leaf roller moth Ginkgo biloba (Pammene sp.) is Lepidoptera, leaf roller moth family. This worm occurs one generation a year in winter. The larvae damage the short branches and annual branches of Ginkgo biloba with larvae, causing the branches to die, defoliate, and drop fruit. The rate of damaged plants reaches 100%. Incubate as larvae in late April each year. The newly hatched larvae are active and active. They are cut into the branches from the ends of the short branches, or from the middle or the base of the growth branches in the same year. Each larvae can damage 2 short branches and enter the middle of May. Branches diapause, to the beginning of November in the same place to pupate the winter, in late March in mid-April, the emergence of feathers, in the old age, poor growth potential, the forest edge of the occurrence of pests more serious. 7. Ginkgo biloba moth (Dictyoploca japonica Moore) is a lepidoptera, silkworm moth family, a generation of one generation, wintering eggs, larvae between April and May damage, with diapause diapause summer, starting in late September Feathering, mating, spawning. In severe cases, the entire forest stands often eat leaves, and the ginkgo is mostly floating ginkgo, causing huge economic losses. The pest is more serious in the Shishan area. 8. Ginkgo biloba larvae damage The main locusts of Ginkgo biloba are Cox's white shield bugs, turtle wax worms, and maggot pods. Among them, the occurrence of Pseudulacaspis Cockertti Cootey was more serious, with a rate of 100%. The main damage was Ginkgo biloba leaves, fruits and branches. The worm took three generations a year in the south of the Yangtze River and was overwintered on the shoots by fertilized female adults. In early April of the following year, spawning took place. The first generation of adults appeared from the end of May to the beginning of June. The second generation of adults appeared in early July. The third generation of adults began to emerge in early October and there was no generation overlap. Second, the current problems in the prevention and control of pests and diseases 2. The seedlings are frequently transported because the ginkgo tree can be widely planted throughout the country, forming the north and south seedlings to transfer each other, and did not take the necessary quarantine measures, resulting in the spread and spread of ginkgo diseases and pests in new areas. 3. Lack of awareness of comprehensive management At present, the production of ginkgo is widespread and irrational, and it unilaterally pursues pure forest production, ignoring the application of ecological balance in the production of ginkgo biloba, resulting in fragile forest stand functions. At the same time, emphasis is placed on chemical prevention, ignoring the application of biological control, and lack of awareness of comprehensive management. The disease is difficult to get timely control and spread. III. Strategies for the Prevention and Control of Ginkgo Pests and Diseases Ginkgo diseases and insect pests prevention and control shall adopt the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive treatmentâ€, grasping major pests and diseases, taking into account other diseases and pests. 2. Strengthen forest management measures Firstly, do a good job of nursery and cultivation work. When sowing seeds and soil should be sterilized and disinfected and seedling management should be done. The second is to strengthen tending and management, timely remove wild insects inside and outside the forest, reduce foreign insects, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, make ginkgo twigs earlier lignification, and enhance pest resistance; The third is to improve the forest environment. Ginkgo should be completely removed before the planting of a variety of diseased plant residues, ventilation should be maintained after colonization, clear litter, reduce the source of pests and diseases; The fourth is to rationally plant a reasonable pruning, increase the transparency of the forest, combined with pruning in winter and spring, repair the victim branches and reduce the number of pests. Artificially catch insects to reduce the harm of pests and diseases. 3. Using ecological methods and biotechnology to comprehensively treat ginkgo diseases and insect pests. The natural enemies of conservation and use of natural enemies such as the ultrathin leafroll moth are mainly hunting crickets, and the natural enemies of the white borrel of Cocks disease are mainly Chinese grass locusts, plus rational use of medicines. Effectively control other pests. Screening for disease-resistant pests, for example, some varieties perform well in the local area, but yellow leaves are easy to grow in drought and windy conditions, and leaf margins are scorched. Carry out suitable trees in the right place to achieve comprehensive management of ginkgo diseases and insect pests. 4. Improve the use of chemical pesticides to screen pesticides suitable for the prevention and treatment of ginkgo diseases, improve the use of pesticides, and grasp the key opportunities for pest control. In addition to controlling pests in a timely and effective manner, it is necessary to carry out fertilization to enhance the tree's ability to resist pests and diseases. According to tests, applying wheat bran and zinc fertilizers can effectively reduce pests and diseases. 5. Rational use of pesticides Based on the occurrence characteristics and severity of ginkgo diseases and insect pests, rational use of pesticides. The use of reconstituted agents; Chrysanthemum emulsion 2000 ~ 2500 times, can effectively control Ginkgo circa leaf roller moth, Coccinellidae white shield and other pests. Using Mirex powder 20~25g can eliminate a termite nest. Use Jinggangmycin Gatbudibine (3:7) 800 times to control ginkgo powdery mildew, mixed carbendazim, copper sulphate, borax and other roots, combined with spraying thiophanate oil to prevent stem rot, root rot, and yellowing , can achieve the desired effect. Plow For Tractor,Deep Plow,Hydraulic Reversible Plow,Farm Reversible Plow Shandong Dahua Machinery Co.,Ltd , https://www.agrodahua.com
1. The ginkgo stalk rot is caused by a fungus known as the semi-known fungus S. sclerotiorum, and its scientific name is Macroph omina phaseolina (lossi) G.Gorid IM.Phaselis (man-bl) Ashdyi, which is the ginkgo area south of the Yangtze River in China. One of the major diseases, 1 to 5 years old seedlings have occurred to varying degrees, of which 1 to 2 years old seedlings are the most serious. Stalk rot pathogens are soil inhabitants, and infestation occurs when the temperature is appropriate between 5 and 6 months. The pathogen usually develops to the base, causing the entire base to rot and die. Soil viscosity, poor air permeability, seedbeds are too low, pond water, can make the disease endangered.
1. Inadequate understanding and inadequate measures Currently, people all over the world generally believe that Ginkgo biloba is a Kung-fu tree, which is of low efficiency. Especially now it is widely planted all over the country. How about the future market? Various factors plagued forest farmers' ideas. Therefore, the management is extensive, even after planting, regardless of whether it is not enough to know the extent of pest damage, lack of fertilization, or unscientific fertilization, resulting in weak plant growth, resulting in the occurrence of pests and diseases. The second is the lack of understanding of the characteristics of the occurrence of pests and diseases, and it is impossible to grasp the law of the occurrence of pests and diseases in a timely manner, and it is therefore impossible to take corresponding measures in a targeted manner.
1. Strict quarantine inspection system Ginkgo biloba powdery mildew, Coprinus comatus and other pests should be included as key inspection targets during the transport of ginkgo biloba seedlings to prevent spread of pests and diseases in new production areas. Strengthen publicity, so that people pay attention to the prevention of ginkgo diseases and pests.