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According to a report by the American Physicist Network on September 8 (Beijing time), on the occasion of celebrating the 50th anniversary of the birth of lasers this year, scientists are studying a new type of coherent beam amplifier that uses sound rather than light. Scientists have recently demonstrated this. In an ultra-cold atomic gas, phonons can also be excited together in the same direction, similar to photon stimulated emission, so this device is also known as the "sounder."
The phonon excitation theory was first proposed in 2009 by a research team of the Max Planck Institute and the California Institute of Technology, and is still in a relatively new field of research. According to its theory, phonons are the smallest independent unit of vibrational energy, and can also generate highly coherent acoustic beams, especially high-frequency ultrasonic waves, by excitation. For the first time, they described a magnesium ion that was frozen in an electromagnetic potential well to a temperature of about 1/1000 Kelvin to generate a single ion excited phonon. However, the stimulated amplification of a single phonon is different from that of a photon. The phonon frequency is determined by the frequency of the single atomic vibration rather than the collective vibration.
In the new study, JT Mandenka and the team at the Lisbon Institute of Technology in Portugal extended the concept of single-ion phonon excitation to a large atomic whole. To do this, they demonstrated the integration of phonon excitation with ultra-cold atomic gas. Compared to the case of a single ion, the phonon frequency here is determined by the internal vibration of the gaseous atom, and the frequency of the photon is determined by the vibration inside the cavity.
Regardless of the coherent electromagnetic wave or the coherent sound wave, the biggest difficulty comes from the choice of system, frequency range and so on. Mandenka said that the difficulty in the study was to mimic the mechanism by which light waves were stimulated to amplify, but produced phonons instead of photons. That is, by precisely controlling the ultra-cold atomic system, it is possible to emit coherent phonons in full accordance with the mechanism of laser emission.
The new method confines gas to magneto-optical traps and generates excited phonons through three physical processes. First, a red detuned laser cools the atomic gas to an ultra-cold temperature; then a bunch of blue detuned light vibrates the ultra-cold gas to generate a beam of invisible light, and finally causes the atom to form a phonon coherent emission, and then decays to Low energy level. The researchers pointed out that the resulting sound waves can be mechanically or electromagnetically connected to the outside world, and the system simply provides a coherent source.
Regarding the naming of phonons, scientists first used the word "saser" in the name of "laser", that is, the sound was amplified and emitted. But Mandenka believes that the use of "phaser" is more accurate, it emphasizes the quantum characteristics of phonons rather than sound, and implies that its emission process is similar to photon stimulated emission.
One possible use of a highly coherent ultrasound beam is to greatly improve the resolution of the image in terms of tomography. Mandenka said: "When the laser was first developed, it was only regarded as an invention that could not solve any problem. Therefore, for the singer, what we are worried about now is only the basic science problem, not the application problem."
