After rice is harvested, there are empty spots in many places, especially in the open areas. The resources are not well used, resulting in the waste of light and energy, and affecting farmers' income. How to use the rice field, the following describes the use of several modes for reference.

First, grow autumn spinach

The spinach is planted in autumn and the growth period is about 35 to 45 days. The time is short and the market is fast. It can make up for the shortage of autumn vegetables and achieve higher economic benefits.

1. Soil selection Spinach does not require strict soils, and the cultivation performance on sandy loam is precocious, and it is easy to obtain high yield in clayy loam soil cultivation. The acid resistance is weak, the suitable pH of the soil is 5.5-7, and the soil pH is below 5.5 or 8 and the growth is poor.

2, sowing time on September 20 about sowing, about the end of October listed. The main choice of heat-resistant high-yield garden spinach varieties, such as all-round spinach.

3. The application rate of base and fertilizer spinach has high absorption rate of nitrogen and potassium, generally 1000kg of farmyard manure in Mushi, 60～80kg of ternary (15-15-15) compound fertilizer; at the same time, the soil moisture in the whole growth period must maintain field capacity in the field. 70 to 80%.

4. The seeding method is broadcast live, the width is 1.5~2m, and the whole turtle shape is formed. The seeds are sown uniformly from 2 to 3 times. When the seeds are sown in early autumn, the seed can be flooded with 15~20°C for one day to ensure the whole seedlings. After wet sowing. High temperatures in the fall, rain, spinach sowing amount should not be too large, generally dry sowing seeds per acre of 1.2 to 1.5kg. After sowing, in order to ensure spinach seedlings and promote the growth, timely cover with thin soil, or cover with straw, reduce high temperature, direct sunlight and heavy rain hazards, and maintain soil moisture. After the two true leaves of spinach were unfolded, the growth rate of spinach was accelerated, and the demand for fertilizer and water increased gradually. Therefore, attention should be paid to the application of nitrogen fertilizer to the water. The available nitrogen fertilizer was used for 1 to 2 times during the whole growth stage, and the first application of urea was 3 kg. The second urea application of 5 kg of urea was stopped 7 days before listing.

Second, planting potatoes

Rice field, no-tillage planting of potato, covering rice straw after sowing is a new technology for potato cultivation. It has the advantages of labor saving, labor saving, time saving, heat preservation, moisturizing, soil repellent and weed control, straw returning to fertilize soil, increasing soil organic matter, and improvement. Soil structure, reduce water and soil loss, improve the ecological environment of agriculture, promote the role of sustainable agricultural development, save money, increase production efficiency. The cultivation techniques are mainly:

1. Ditching and drainage in due course, Infield implements narrow width ditch sorghum

After the rice was scattered, it was put in dry field water, left shallow during harvest, and ditched after harvest. The sandy loam block width is 4.3m, and the soil viscous mass field width is 2.3m; the groove width is 0.27~0.30m, and the ditch depth is 0.25~0.30m. At the same time open a good side ditch, so that the direct access to the ditch, in order to facilitate drainage, reduce wet damage. Face to face consistency.

2, promote the early virus-free varieties

Straw-covered cultivated autumn potatoes should first be selected for their strong resistance to stress, especially high temperature resistance, short dormancy period (30-40 days of dormancy), strong disease resistance, early potato ripening and special early-ripening virus-free potatoes as seed potatoes. Dishes were promoted to promote yamshao 1, chuanchuan 4, zhongshu 3, nanzhong 552 and so on. Processing varieties promoted “atlantic” because of higher yield of this variety, concentrated potato, and high potato yield. The epidermis is smooth, and autumn is more resistant to late blight.

3. Handle the potato seed treatment and timely sowing

(1) Selected potato seeds, germination sowing

Autumn sowing potatoes, sowing with small whole potatoes is good, the weight of each small whole potato is about 25 grams. If you use potato as a potato seed, choose a single potato that does not have a disease injury and weighs 70-80 grams. Use a sharp knife to cut 3-4 pieces down the top bud, leaving 1-2 buds in each piece.

(2) Soaking

Soaking with gibberellin (920) 7-10 days before sowing can break the dormancy period and promote germination. The method is: using whole potato soaking or cutting soaking. The whole potato soaking can be soaked with 10-20 ppm gibberellin for 30 minutes, and the soaked seed can be soaked with 1 ppm gibberellin for 5-10 minutes.

(3) Germination

Soak the good potato seeds in the room and put them on the top and bottom. Wet the straw and place the potato seeds in the middle. When the shoots grow to 0.5-1 cm, remove the seed potatoes and put them in the room for 1 to 2 days so that the tender yellow shoots will become green. You can broadcast to Daejeon.

(4) timely sowing

Potatoes prefer a cool climate, and the sowing date should be stable below the daily average temperature of 25°C. The suitable sowing date is from late August to mid-September.

4, rational close planting, adequate base fertilizer

Rice and potato can be interplanted with rape, potato and rape are planted in narrow and wide rows. The potato has a wide row of 0.6m, a narrow row of 0.2m, a 0.22m hole distance, and about 7000 holes per acre of broadcasted potatoes. In mid-October, two lines of rapeseed were planted in the midst of a row of potato wide rows. For the single potato of rice blast, the sowing density per acre is 1-1.1 million points, the row spacing is 0.33 meters, and the hole distance is 0.16-0.18 meters. When potato is sown, it is not necessary to make a hole. Simply place the potato seed by hand according to the prescribed hole spacing and place it on the topsoil of the seedlings to make the seed potatoes in close contact with the soil. Autumn potato growth period is short, combined with the difficulty of top dressing after covering straw, generally using one-time fertilization. It is required to apply 1100-1500 kg of organic fertilizer per acre, 10-15 kg of urea, 25-30 kg of superphosphate, 150 kg of plant ash (or 15 kg of potassium chloride), or 1100-1500 kg of organic fertilizer in Mushi plus 45%. Compound fertilizer 25 kg. In the potato flowering period, 50 kg of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be sprayed twice for 7-10 days.

5, straw cover

Immediately after the potato has been sowed and fertilized, the entire surface of the pod is evenly covered with rice straw in a manner that is perpendicular to the ridge, and the tip of the grass is pointed at the grass tip, so that the cover grass thickness reaches 10 cm. If the coverage is not comprehensive, it will affect the commercial character and nutritional value of potatoes. In general, two acres of field straw cover an acre of potatoes, potato potatoes are large, fresh, avoid the occurrence of green skin, red skin. The best coverage is 1000-1300 kg of dried straw per acre.

6. Pest control

The most harmful pests to potatoes are aphids and cockroaches. In the early stage of locust occurrence, 2.5% of deltamethrin was added to the water to spray 2,500 times; to prevent the pupa, 90% of the crystal trichlorfon was added to water and dissolved in 35 kg of fine soil, and was sprayed into the sorghum surface at the time of sowing. The diseases that endanger the potato mainly include late blight, bacterial wilt, ring rot and viral diseases. In general, disease resistance, ring rot, and bacterial wilt are prevented by selecting disease-resistant varieties, implementing reasonable crop rotation, and not making continuous series with solanaceous vegetables. In the early stage of late blight, that is, when the potato enters the early flowering stage, if there is a central disease strain, 25% metalaxyl 500 times solution or 45% yam 500 times solution will be sprayed and sprayed immediately, spraying every 7-10 days. Times, spray 2-3 times.

Third, no-tillage live rape

1, the ditch planting timely planting in the rice harvest before 7-10 days, put dry rice fields, rice harvest directly after the rice field with a mechanical trench ditch, the surface width of about 150cm, sulcus width 25cm, At the same time, it is necessary to open a ditch and a gutter so that the three ditch can be matched to prevent water accumulation in the field. Sowing specifically in four steps:

The first step is to fertilize. About 1500 kilograms of soil per acre is applied, 45% of compound fertilizer is about 30 kilograms, and 1 kilogram of borax is directly sprinkled on the surface.

The second step, sowing. 200-250 g rape seed per acre (preferably with conventional Brassica napus species to reduce Nongben) is dressed with a small amount of soil ash and phosphate fertilizer, and then sown uniformly on the surface.

The third step, ditch cover species. After sowing, the machine was used to open the ditch in accordance with regulations, and the fine soil was covered evenly on the surface to cover the seeds.

The fourth step, spraying herbicides. After the cover is planted, Daejeon sprays 80 kg of acetochlor into 30 kg of water evenly on the surface.

2. Scientific use of drugs to remove weeds

Chemical weeding is the key to the success or failure of rapeseed direct seeding technology. For the first time, pre-emergence weed control is one of the keys to realizing the high yield of rapeseed; the second time, during the 3-leaf stage of rapeseed, if there are more monocotyledonous weeds in the field, it can use 30-50 ml of high-efficient straw per acre. , add 30 kg of water evenly spray

3, timely fill seedlings to ensure that "miao Miao Miao Zhuang"

The seeded amount of live rapeseeds is large and the density is high. Generally no inter-seedlings are needed. When the rape grows 3-4 true leaves, the vegetables are densely replenished, leaving 35-45 seedlings per square meter, and the average seedlings per mu are more than 20,000. .

4、Appropriate fertilization as early as possible

Miao Fei: The shortage of base fertilizer and weaker rapeseed fields, cultivating urea 7.5 kilograms per acre in 3-4 leaves of rapeseed, spread before the rain.

Wafer fertilizer: After the winter solstice, the farm manure such as manure excrement, soil excrement, etc. is applied to prevent frost and prevent freezing, so as to ensure the safety of rapeseed overwintering.

Fertilizer: After the beginning of spring, during rapeseed growing season, 7.5 kg of urea and potassium chloride are applied to each acre. Boron fertilizer is sprayed during the period of bolting and initial budding, with 250 g of borax or Sonic Boron. Kaga water 30 kg spray.

5. Integrated pest management

Before winter, it mainly controls aphids and cabbage caterpillars, and it mainly controls Sclerotinia sclerotiorum after spring.

1 Before the winter, the main locusts were selected and treated with pesticides such as bupropazine and imidacloprid;

2 After spring, sclerotinia mainly takes the form of three-gouges, drains the ditch, and reduces the humidity in the field. In the early flowering period and full flowering period, sclerotia and carbendazim and other pesticides are used for prevention and control to ensure high yield of rapeseed.

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