Blight stalk blight is a devastating disease (called by some vegetable farmers as a "cockroach"), which seriously threatens the normal production of earthworms. After damage, the stems died, and when severe, the stems showed a dead, lodging-like shape, with no bulbs in the ground. The damaged light bulbs had small bulblets, deformed fruits, and decreased quality and yield. 1. The main symptoms of damage are leaf sheaths, stems, and flower organs. 2 stalks. After the disease is affected, water-stained elliptical, fusiform, or amorphous black-green lesions appear in the initial stage, and black spots or black short-line spots appear on the lesions at the later stages. When the humidity is high, the lesions appear shallow. Gray mold layer, lesions become severe when the lesion is stripe. At this time, the disease stem tissue will become very soft, the disease department is sunken, the whole plant will die, and it is easy to cause the stem to fall down. 3 flower. Occurred in the scales or ear and neck, resulting in yellow flowers, high humidity, the disease department can produce gray mold layer. 2. Characteristics of the disease The disease is a fungal disease. The mycelia and conidium discs are left over in the soil or on the bulbs as winter plants. In April of the following year, when weather conditions are appropriate, it can be damaged by the invasion of the stomata or the direct penetration of the epidermis into the tissue. It can be transmitted through wind and rain or irrigation water. The earliest planted pods were initially onset in August, and the period from August to September was the peak period of onset; late planting pods began to develop from the end of August to September, especially in the case of continuous foggy weather after the White Dew Festival. Onset. The lowest temperature of the disease is 5°C, the highest temperature is 32°C, and the suitable temperature is 23～29°C. During the growing season, when the temperature is 17 to 29°C, it is beneficial to the disease if it is even wet or heavy fog and heavy dew weather. The use of diseased bulbs for planting or continuous planting in severe disease plots often leads to early onset and heavy disease. In addition, pods were planted too densely and closed prematurely, resulting in poor ventilation and light transmission in the fields; or excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers in the early stage of pod growth, lack of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and weak plant growth will exacerbate the disease. There is a certain difference in disease resistance among different varieties, and Dahongpao is generally more resistant than Su Shi and Guilin Horseshoe. 3. Control measures 1 selection of disease-resistant varieties. Old wards can be planted on the basis of local conditions, such as Guava, Dahongpao and other disease-resistant varieties, and pay attention to the selection of disease-free bulbs or mild disease field bulbs leave seed. 2 Implement rotation for more than 3 years. Especially in the old production areas, the implementation of crop rotation is the most economical and effective measure to combat the disease. After planting 1 year, other crops in rotation within 3 years, such as white water, lotus root and other aquatic vegetables or xerotic vegetables, can effectively prevent the occurrence of the disease. 3 Strengthen field management. It is better to separate irrigation and water management to avoid string irrigation or flood irrigation; timely removal of field diseased plants and bring out of the field to burn, in order to prevent the spread of disease spread; appropriate application of potash fertilizer, can effectively improve the resistance of earthworms; after harvest, Timely burned down the field sickness. 4 seedlings before treatment. Before growing seedlings, the bulbs are first placed in 50% Kedisane wettable powder 500 to 700 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 to 800 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800-1000 times soaking for 18 to 24 hours, and then nursed. When planting, the seedlings are placed in the above-mentioned medicament or soaked with 50% kresoxim-susprate suspension 2000-3000 times solution, and then soaked in the field for 3 to 5 hours. 5 chemical control. Before the seedlings were sealed, they were sprayed with a spray of 3000 to 4000 times of 50% kresoxim-ethyl suspension and sprayed again every 15 days. At the beginning of the disease, spray once every 5 days, control the disease and spray once every 10 days, each time can choose one of the following: 40% triadimefon carbendazim WP 800 to 1000 times, 50% polysulfide wettable powder 600 to 800 times liquid, 50% chlorpromazine wettable powder 1000 to 1200 times liquid, 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 800 to 1000 times liquid, 70% Propylene Zinc wettability Powder 500 to 600 times liquid. It is worth noting that before the onset of rainstorms, it is necessary to spray medicine for prevention and treatment. After the rain, it is necessary to promptly spray pesticides to protect newly emerging stems from being harmed by germs. The use of 2 to 3 different medicines will result in better control.
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1 leaf sheath. In the early period of infestation, the base showed a dark green irregular water-stained lesion that quickly spread to the entire leaf sheath. The diseased part turned gray later in the process of drying and had black dots or black lines of varying lengths. The point is the conidia disk of the pathogen. When conditions are right, the bacteria quickly spread to the upper lobulated stalks.