In what ways can rice planting technology make rice yield high? Rice is one of the main food crops in Daguan County. It plays an important role in grain production in the county. Increasing rice yield and increasing total output are important ways to ensure food security. To this end, the promotion and application of high-yield rice cultivation techniques is an important measure to increase rice yield.

1. Choose high-yield, high-quality and disease-resistant varieties based on local conditions.

According to the local ecological conditions, production conditions, economic conditions, cultivation level and pests and diseases, the selection is subject to trial and demonstration, suitable for local planting, strong resistance to pests and diseases, resistance to lodging, strong tillering, high rate of ear formation, and large spikes. High-quality, high-yield varieties with high seed setting rate (such as: Yixiang 725, Q You 6 and Yiyou 1988, among which Yixiang 725 has the best quality).

2. Cultivate strong

Cultivating Zhuangzi is one of the key technical measures to increase rice production. The production practice proves that the cultivation of strong sputum should be based on fertilizer and soil and soil protection. In the rice breeding, the application of dryland breeding technology should be vigorously promoted. The dry breeding has the characteristics of early growth, no obvious regreening period, high effective tillering rate, strong resistance and high seed setting rate. The dry nursery seedbed should be fully fertilized with farmyard manure.

2.1 strong standard

Root: The root system is developed, short, white, and without black roots. Miao: The base is thick and flat, the seedlings are green, and the leaves are not scattered. The growth is strong, the groups are neat and uniform, the individual differences are small, the seedlings are elastic, the leaves are wide and healthy, the leaf sheaths are short, and the pseudo stems are thick and flat, reaching more than 3 tillers in 30 days of age. The leaves are dark green, with many green leaves, yellow and dead leaves, moderate seedling height, and no pests.

2.2 sowing

2.2.1 Seed preparation

The products have been approved, tested and demonstrated to be suitable for local planting, high-quality, high-yielding seeds that are resistant to pests and diseases, resistant to pours, stubborn, large spikes and high seed setting rate.

2.2.2 Seedbed preparation

Choose a dry land or a vegetable garden with a flat terrain, a leeward sun, and a deep and fertile soil layer. Premature fine soil preparation, to make the soil finely crushed without large clods, according to 1.5-1.6 m, the ditch depth is 30 cm, the height of the car is 15 cm; according to the per-mu seedbed, the fully-fertilized high-quality farmyard manure is 1500-2000 kg, and the calcium is poured. 50 kg, 5-8 kg of potassium fertilizer as the base fertilizer, the farmer's fertilizer and the calcium should be fully mixed and piled up in advance about 20 days in advance. When fertilizing, mix thoroughly with the soil and then flatten the noodles and wait for sowing.

2.2.3 soaking seeds and germination

Before soaking seeds, spread the seeds for 1-2 days, then soak them in 3% carbendazim solution for 12 hours, rinse with water, and start soaking seeds when the water becomes clear. Generally, it should be soaked for 3 days and washed with water for 3-4 times a day. After 3 days, the seeds are washed clean, and the seeds are preheated with water at 50-60 ° C. The seeds are wrapped in wet sacks, and then kept warm with straw, etc., the temperature is kept at 30-35 ° C, and the rice can be blasted in 24 hours. After the buds, the rice buds are gradually cooled down to about 20 °C, the seeds are spread out, and the seeds can be sown after germination for 1 day under natural conditions.

2.2.4 Sowing

Sowing date: According to the local climatic conditions, when the temperature is stable above 10 °C, it can be planted. The sowing period of our county is scheduled to be in early April;

Sowing: The rice seeds are made thin and even, and it is appropriate to plant 10-12 kg per mu of seedbed. After sowing, cover the film, keep warm and moisturize, prevent rotten buds caused by low temperature, and reduce production loss.

2.2.5 Seedbed management

Weeding: After sowing of rice, when weeds appear in the seedbed, weeding should be carried out in time. Weeding is used to gently remove weeds to prevent injury to rice seedlings.

Water and fertilizer management: keep the seedbed soil moist after sowing to the 2 leaf stage, and control the water to reduce the humidity and prevent disease after the 2 leaf stage. When the seedbed appears dry or white, or early, late seedling leaves with waterless beads or seedlings start to roll, should be uncovered in the morning and evening, and in the hot weather at noon to unwind the film to prevent temperature and prevent high temperature burning. In the 2 leaf stage, 5 kg of urea per acre is used as a weaning fertilizer to promote growth and robustness; 7-8 kg of urea per acre and 2-3 kg of potassium fertilizer are promoted in the 4 leaf stage to promote tillering; Transplanting, 1.5-2 kg of urea per acre applied for 3-4 days before transplanting.

Pest control: In the seedling stage, according to the occurrence of pests and diseases, appropriate pesticides should be selected to prevent seedling pests and diseases, prevent pests and diseases from being introduced into the fields, and reduce the incidence of pests and diseases in the field.

3. Transplanting

3.1 Thick and fine field, apply enough base fertilizer

After the rice is harvested, the plough will be turned in time, the wreckage will be buried, and the plough will be carried out before planting. Finely reorganizing the field to achieve a smooth surface, so that "the water is green and the drainage field is waterless". The base fertilizer adheres to organic fertilizer, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are combined. Before planting, combined with rice paddy plough, apply 1500-2000 kg of organic fertilizer, combined with 40-50 kg of Shipu calcium and 8-10 kg of potash as base fertilizer.

3.2 timely refining, suitable for early loading

Dry-breeding should be planted early, and it is advisable to plant small seedlings. It is suitable for transplanting seedlings for 30 days, and transplanting seedlings to 5-6 leaves. Because the roots of dry nursery are developed, the seedlings are too large, and the roots are easily formed at the time of emergence. damage.

3.3 Reasonable dense planting

According to the fertility of rice fields, the transplanting density was determined. When transplanting, depending on the tillering condition of the seedlings, 1-2 seedlings of seedlings were planted in each nest.

Double-row strips: large rows of 0.9-1.0 feet, small rows of 0.4-0.5 feet, and nests of 0.4-0.5 feet. In 1998-1999, the Huata Villagers Group in Cuihua Town and Jinping Village conducted a two-way row planting and conventional transplanting experiment for two consecutive years. The double-row bar planting increased the yield by 76.4 kg and 88.5 kg, respectively, over 11.2 kg. % and 13.3%.

Box type planting: open the box at 5 feet, the depth of the ditch is 0.8-1.0 feet, 5-6 lines per box, and the nest spacing is 0.4-0.5 feet. From 1998 to 2000, the village group of Huata Village in Jinping Village conducted a comparative experiment of box planting and conventional transplanting for three consecutive years. The box planting increased the yield by 63.2-76.8 kg, which was 10.6-12.1%.

Throwing 秧: throwing 1.5-1.8 million seedlings per acre, throwing 秧 to make it dense and even. From 1998 to 2000, the fishermen's group in Xiongkui Village conducted a comparison experiment of throwing and conventional transplanting for three consecutive years. The throwing yield increased by 72.1-79.3 kg, which was 9.81-11.1% higher than that of conventional transplanting.

4. Field management

4.1 top dressing

Apply 10-15 kg of urea per acre, 15-20 kg of superphosphate, 4-5 kg ​​of potassium fertilizer and 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate for top dressing. After 10 days of transplanting, the seedling fertilizer was applied to promote effective tillering, accounting for 30-35% of the total topdressing amount. At the booting stage, the attacking fertilizer was applied, accounting for 65-70% of the total topdressing amount to increase the seed setting rate. Promote grain fullness.

4.2 Reasonable irrigation

During the growth of rice, it promotes the growth of roots, enhances the absorption capacity, and promotes the robust growth of rice. In the management of water, the purpose of activating oxygenation ventilation and rooting roots is to enhance root activity. During the regreening period, appropriate deep-water irrigation is beneficial to return to green, and shallow water irrigation is maintained at the booting stage, the initial heading stage and the heading stage, and the rest of the irrigation conditions are mainly moist.

In the tillering period, shallow water is required to promote sputum. In the later stage of tillering, it is appropriate to properly control the sputum, reduce the ineffective tillering, increase the permeability, and promote the healthy growth of rice. It is not suitable for heavy sun exposure when the sun is controlled. In the dry season, it is necessary to resist drought and water to avoid dehydration. Appearance quality and cooking quality of rice; dry and wet seeds should be made during the maturity of the filling; the rice field should be drained during the ripening period to promote maturity; when harvesting, the field should be water-free so as not to soak the rice in the water to affect the rice quality.

5. Pest control

5.1 major pests and diseases

The main diseases of rice in our county are: rice blast, bacterial blight, sheath blight, rice smut, etc. The main pests are: rice planthopper, rice blast, armyworm, rice worm.

5.2 Control measures

In the prevention and control of rice pests and diseases, it is necessary to adhere to the plant protection work guidelines of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention”. It is based on the cultivation of disease-resistant and pest-resistant varieties, based on fitness cultivation, and comprehensive prevention and control measures supplemented by pesticide protection.

5.2.1 Agricultural control: selection of insect-resistant varieties, cultivation of strong and sturdy, reasonable close planting, rational fertilization, scientific irrigation; timely removal of plants affected by pests and diseases, reducing the number of pests in the field; rice ploughing in time after harvesting, clearing the field in winter And surrounding weeds, destroying pests and winters places, reducing the number of pests and diseases in the coming year and the incidence of pests and diseases.

5.2.2 Chemical control: strengthen field investigations, timely grasp the occurrence of pests and diseases; during the growth of rice, use high-efficiency, low-toxic, non-residual pesticides to control pests and diseases, and maintain the 3-6cm water layer in the field for 3-5 days after application.

Soaking with 20% tricyclazole wettable powder 500-700 times for 24 hours, washing and germination; 75% per cubic meter of tricyclazole wettable powder 30g or 40% gram of emulsifiable concentrate 150-200g with water 50- 60 kg spray to control rice blast.

Soak for 48 hours with 10% strong chlorin 500 times solution, soak for 24 to 48 hours with 20% thiazolidine wettable powder 500-600 times solution and 45% dexamethasone water 500-800 times solution. Spray 10 times of 10% strong chlorin 500 times in the three-leaf stage of rice and 5 days before transplanting, use 35% of gram gram of benzoyl WP WP per mus, or 15% of leaf chloroforms 20 to 25 grams of powder, or 45% of 4% dexamethasone water to 50-60 kilograms of water to control rice bacterial blight.

Use 20% of rusting emulsifiable concentrate 50-76 ml or 50% carbendazim WP 100g, 30% zein WP 50-75g, 100kg of water, or 25kg of fine soil to control rice Sheath blight.

5 to 10 days before heading, use 5% Jinggangmycin water 150ml or 20% rusting emulsifiable concentrate 75ml or 12.5% ​​mold water clearing agent 150ml water 50-60kg spray to prevent 1~2 times of rice control Rice false smut.

The rice planthopper is controlled by spraying with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 25% eucalyptus wettable powder 2000-2500 times solution, or 5% fipronil suspension 1200-1500 times solution.

Before sowing or transplanting, use 3% of furan granules 2.5-3 kg of fine soil 15-20 kg per acre; use 90% of trichlorfon crystals 0.5 to 400-500 kg of soaked seedlings 10 when transplanting Minutes; rice field aphids are sprayed with 50% of chlorpyrifos emulsifiable concentrate or 50% of Bataan's water 800-1000 times.

Use 100% worm or 50% chlorpyrifos EC 800-1000 times solution, 25% chlorpyrifos or 25% insecticidal double 500 times solution, 20% cyprostatin or 2.5% enemy kill emulsifiable concentrate 4000-5000 times spray Control rice armyworms.

Use 25% trichlorfon powder 3-4 kg per acre; or 4 kg of tobacco powder with slaked lime 25 kg, apply when the morning dew is not dry; use 50% killing pine 800 times liquid; or 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000 times liquid spray to control rice negative mud worms.

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