Causes of moldy feed and commonly used detoxification methods

Feeds are affected by the season and are susceptible to mildew. Especially in the high-temperature and rainy season, especially in many areas in the south, the problem of moldy feed is quite serious. The economic losses caused by mildew in feed each year are huge. Therefore, mildew in feed is a problem that cannot be ignored in the feed industry.
one. The cause of mildew in feedstuffs is that feed mildew is mainly affected by factors such as weather and seasons, high moisture content of feed ingredients, improper processing of some details during feed processing, improper storage of feed, and other factors. The details are as follows:
1. The feed storage warehouse is dark and damp, and the ventilation is not smooth, so that the moisture of the easily-preserved feed increases, and the temperature rises and the mold deteriorates.
2. The feed itself has a high moisture content, causing itself to generate heat during the oxidation process, causing the feed to deteriorate. As far as the area is concerned, the feed moisture in the south is higher than 12%, and if the feed moisture in the north is higher than 14%, it will easily cause mildew and deterioration.
3, high outside temperature is the main reason for feed rotten degeneration, due to high temperatures must be associated with high humidity, in a high temperature and humidity environment, make it gradually increase the moisture caused by feed rotten metamorphism.
4. Warehouses, doors and windows, and packaging materials that store feeds are not strictly disinfected, and feeds are preserved under the conditions of the original mold and eggs. After the feed is contaminated by mold and insect bites, a large amount of heat is generated inside and the feed is rotted and deteriorated.
6, improper storage methods. The stacking code is too high, the storage time is long, and it does not turn for a long time. Under the condition of high temperature, the feed locally self-heats, cakes and molds.
7, rodent pests are likely to cause feed rotten degeneration. Rodents and moths not only consume feed, causing extra waste, but also consume large amounts of oxygen, produce CO2 and water, release heat, cause the local temperature of the feed to rise, the humidity to increase, causing the feed to become agglomerated, and the mouse may also Smuggling holes in the walls and roofs and smuggle feeds away from the outside, and more seriously, caused rainwater to be poured into the storage room through the rat holes, causing more feed to become damp and spoiling.
8. The feed material is wetted or wetted by rain during storage or transportation, and the local moisture is greatly increased, causing agglomeration and mildew.
9. The pellets produced by hot steam quenching and tempering have insufficient cooling time after forming. The wetness of the material is higher than 5 degrees Celsius at room temperature. The hot air condenses on the surface of the pellets and finally ferments and molds. (The pellets not produced by steam tempering are not This column).
Tracing the roots, moldy feed is caused by the proliferation of mold under suitable conditions.
II. Mild mildew feed mild mildew feed detoxification method:
1. Screening method. The use of mechanical or artificial methods to first select the feed, remove moldy feed; and then the moldy feed is further dried, in order to achieve the purpose of mildew mildew.
2. Rinse method. For corn, soybeans and other granular raw materials, can be crushed, rinsed with water or repeatedly rinsed with 2% lime water, that is to remove mycotoxins.
3. Heat treatment. For the cake type raw materials, 48% - 61% of aflatoxin b1 and 32% - 40% of aflatoxin g1 are baked by using a temperature of 150°C for 30 minutes or a microwave oven for 8 - 9 minutes. damage
4. Separation and mixing The most common method for reducing or eliminating mold contamination is to separate the mold-contaminated seeds. Another way is to mix the feed that has been contaminated with mycotoxins with uncontaminated feed. Using the above method requires a lot of time and labor. When the pollution is more common, this method has little effect.
5. Detoxification with feed sorbents Some minerals can adsorb and capture mycotoxin molecules. Such as aluminum silicate, zeolite, bentonite, activated carbon, diatomaceous earth and so on. Jindal et al. (1994) found that adding 200 mg/kg of activated carbon to chicken feed containing 500 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 is effective in reducing the harmful effects of toxins. In addition, it has been widely reported abroad that the addition of hydrated sodium aluminosilicate calcium (HSCAS) can significantly reduce the harmful effects of mycotoxins, but the addition of large amounts of such adsorbents will reduce nutrient concentrations.

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