As the sorghum planting area continues to expand and the length of cultivation is extended, the damage of sorghum smut is becoming more and more serious, which directly affects the development of sorghum production. First, the degree of harm In the early 1990s, Sorghum smut only sporadically occurred in local areas of this county. By 2000, the area in some towns and villages was about 43 hectares. The incidence rate was 15%, and other planting areas occurred lightly. According to the 2004 survey, the county has an area of ​​800 hectares, accounting for 34% of the total sowing area of ​​sorghum, and the average diseased rate of sick fields is 20.5%; in 2005, the incidence of the county was 1333 hectares, which accounted for 67% of the total sowing area of ​​sorghum. The average incidence of field strains was 31.2%. In the Gaoliang planting area of ​​the Second Brigade of Biestobie Township, the incidence of strains was 70.5% and the severity was 70%. Second, the symptoms of disease The disease mainly affects the ear, and the diseased plant is shorter than the healthy plant. The damaged sorghum ear turns into a large gray package. After the outer membrane ruptures, a large amount of black powder is emitted, and a bunch of scattered filaments are exposed at the same time. In some cases, only part of the inflorescence was killed, or there was an obvious gray nodules on the leaves of the end. After the outer membrane ruptured, the vascular bundles of the leaves did not break. Third, the incidence of the law Sorghum smut, known as sorghum silk axis turf, belongs to Basidiomycotina fungus. 1, transmission route The bacteria can spread through seeds and soil. The bacteria scattered in the soil can survive for 1 year, and the teliospores can survive in deep soil for 3 years. The county's main infestation source is teliospore scattered in soil or manure. 2. The pathogenesis From 2004 to 2005, observations were made at the sorghum field. The suitable sowing date for sorghum was in late April, and the emergence period was generally in early May. During this period, the ground temperature is 0 to 20 centimeters, 18.5 to 26.2°C, the average daily temperature is 24°C, and the daily precipitation is 3.3 milliliters, which is most conducive to the germination of the winter spores of sorghum smut. After the teliospore germination, the sorghum buds invade into the sorghum buds. Seed germination to 1.5 cm is the most suitable infection period. After the seedling stage, the spores of this pathogen will no longer be infected, and the victim's symptoms will not be seen at the seedling stage. The invading hyphae entered the interior of the growing vertebral tissue within 35 days and entered the differentiated flower buds 60 days later. From late July to mid-August, the plants emerged in the heading stage of the sorghum and the ash bag was removed before it was broken. 3. The incidence of factors 1 The pathogenic bacteria with high temperature and humidity are closely related to the soil temperature and water content. The soil temperature is 28°C and the soil water content is 15%. In spring sowing, the soil moisture is too low or the soil is too thick. Two rounds of cultivation planted sorghum in the heavily planted areas, and the occurrence of severe smuts in Gaoliangsi. The longer the rotation, the lighter the incidence. 3 varieties of different varieties of different disease resistance, the incidence of field differences. The occurrence of fine sorghum varieties that are selected from disease-free or disease-free fields is relatively mild, and the species retained in the reserved species or diseased areas are heavy. Fourth, prevention and control measures 1. The current hybrids that produce resistance to head smut are: Heza 34, Qiza 1, etc. 2. More than 3 years of rotation with other crops can effectively control the occurrence of the disease. 3. Fall deep sterilizing can reduce the bacteria source and reduce the incidence of the next year. 4. Seed treatment, soaking in warm water of 45-55°C for 5 minutes and then boring. Seed germination immediately after sowing, can both protect the seedlings and reduce the incidence rate; seed dressing, with 25% oxazolidone wettable powder 2 grams One kilogram of sorghum seed, or 50% of rustin powder 35 grams, mix 5 kg of seeds, mix and sow. 5. Timely sowing, improve the quality of sowing, so that seedlings as soon as possible unearthed, to reduce the chance of germ invasion from seedlings. 6. Remove the diseased ear before the gray package appears and it has not yet ruptured. Focus on the field and bury or burn out.
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