Gannan navel orange fruit shape is large, orange and bright, clean and beautiful appearance, edible rate of 74%, crisp meat, slag, flavor and sweet aroma, containing more than 55% juice. Gannan navel orange has been listed as one of the country's eleventh priority agricultural products. It is a national geographical indication protection product and has won the honorary title of “Chinese famous fruit”. The annual output of Gannan navel orange reaches 1 million tons, and its original production area has become the navel orange planting area in the world, its annual output is the third in the world and it is the country's largest navel orange production area.

Navel orange industry

Since the beginning of the cultivation of navel oranges in the 1970s, the navel orange industry in southern Fujian has grown from scratch and has experienced a difficult and tortuous development path. The city's fruit industry has a total area of ​​2.63 million mu, of which 1.53 million mu are navel oranges. The total fruit output reaches 1.4 million tons, including 1 million tons of navel oranges. Zhangzhou has become the world's largest navel orange planting area, the third largest annual output in the world, and the largest navel orange production area in China. The total output value of fruit industry clusters in the city reached 6 billion yuan, of which fruit sales revenue was 2.5 billion yuan. The city has 240,000 navel orange growers and 700,000 employees. The per capita fruit industry income of fruit growers reaches 2,700 yuan. Among them, the production and quality of Ningdu, Anyuan, Xinfeng, Xunwu and Ruijin Mixi Village and Shicheng City are the most prominent. Today, Gannan navel orange has been listed as one of China's eleventh priority agricultural products. It is a national geographical indication protection product and has won the honorary title of “Chinese famous fruit”. Gannan navel orange not only firmly occupies the domestic high-end market for navel orange consumption, but also floats across the ocean and is exported to the international market. The fruit industry has become an important source of farmers' income and has become a wealth-rich industry for the rich people. It has become a sweet hope for the realization of the Xiaokang goal in the rural areas of Luzhou.

Main producing areas

Gannan navel orange several major producing areas (Xinfeng, Xunwu, Anyuan, Ruijin).

First, the unique growth environment of Gannan Navel:

1. Climate:

Zhangzhou has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, abundant sunshine, four distinct seasons, no summer heat, no frost damage in winter, forest and natural vegetation cover, and the adjustment of Southeastern maritime climate, long frost-free period.

2, the environment:

Yanzhou is basically free of dust from factories and mines and pollution from factory wastewater. The air is fresh and the water quality is excellent.

3, soil:

For phyllite rock weathered tanned red loam soil, the soil layer is as deep as 1 meter deep, loose and air-permeable, and the soil contains many kinds of trace rare earth elements (the formation of pigments in the rare earths improves the content of sugar, vitamin C, and aroma, and improves The degree of crispness and storage resistance play a role that cannot be replaced by other mineral nutrients.

4, temperature difference:

The large temperature difference between day and night in Zhangzhou is beneficial to the accumulation of fruit sugar and vitamin C, promoting fruit coloring, early maturation and quality improvement.

5, planting:

South Gannan navel oranges are planted in strict accordance with the requirements of green food, and have formulated unified production standards for fruit farmers in the city, and have fully implemented the “Three Big Ones” (large holes, big fats, big sprouts, and nutrition bowls).

Cultivation techniques; prohibit the use of highly toxic, high-residue chemical pesticides. Encourage fruit growers to use organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers instead of conventional fertilizers.

Second, the characteristics of Gannan navel orange:

Gannan navel orange has bright orange, bright aroma, excellent quality, unique flavor and rich nutrition. Has the following characteristics:

1, color:

Gannan navel orange is smooth, fresh and fresh in color.

2, the volume:

Due to more sunshine and normal development, the nutrition of the flesh is sufficient, and its taste is sweet; each fruit orchard in the 75--90mm size accounts for more than 86.8%.

3, flexibility:

Gannan navel oranges are lightly pressed on the skin with their fingers, giving them a feeling of elasticity and full flesh.

4, bottom:

Gannan navel orange bottom concave, mature, moisture and more.

Third, how to identify?

Based on the above characteristics of Gannan navel orange, it can be summarized as:

Choose navel oranges to master four-character tips, that is, to see two touches, three smells and four tastes, and select high-quality navel oranges from the origin of Zhangzhou, especially from the cooperatives.

A look: see the fruit shape,

Second touch: Touch the skin, the fruit peel of southern Gannan Navel is smooth, scars, less fruit spots, the skin is dense, uniform and with hardness.

Three smells: fruity and sweet, even if you do not cut it, you can smell the rich orange scent.

Four tastes: After cutting, the water content is sufficient, the taste is sweet, the degree of slag is high, and the edible rate is as high as 99%.

In order to prolong the supply time of fresh fruit of navel orange, reduce rot and improve the quality of fruit, it needs to be stored and kept fresh.

First, the harvest of fruit

The harvesting of navel orange fruit is the end of field work and the beginning of storage and transportation. It is the key link to improve the storage of navel orange and reduce decay. Timely harvesting is an important guarantee for improving the quantity and quality of fruit.

1. Timely harvesting: Sooner or later, the harvest time of navel oranges will affect the quality, quality, tree vigor, and output of the following year. Premature harvesting, the content of the material does not reach the most suitable level, affect the quality, too late harvest, mature fruit is easy to fall off, storage and transportation prone to blue and green mildew. Navel oranges are usually harvested when mature in mid-November and should be based on the species \climatic conditions. Storage and preservation of fruits can be harvested in advance, that is, two-thirds of the skin color, eighty percent mature, hard and not soft when harvested.

2. Harvesting methods: (1) The fruit picking personnel must cut the nails; (2) The frost and fog days and the dew cannot be harvested when they are dry and windy; (3) When the fruit is picked, the fruit cannot be pulled hard and pull hard. (4) Do one fruit and two cuts, and do not hurt the peel and fruit pedicle; (5) The fruit must be taken lightly, gently, lightly, lightly, and unscrupulously. At the same time, Remove the diseased fruit, infested fruit, bumped fruit, and other fruit; (6) Put the basket to a level that cannot be too full, and transfer the basket to fruit. (7) The post-harvest fruit cannot be stored overnight in the open air.

Second, fruit preservation and preservation

After the fruit was harvested and transported, it was immediately treated with a medication preservative within 24 hours.

1. Preparation of medicaments: Anti-corrosion preservatives can be used: (1) 600-1000 times bright green; (2) 1000-1500 times diluted (moldizole); (3) 500-1000 times Liquid; (4) Mi Xian'an (Pazolimin) 500 ~ 1000 times liquid; (5) Green South special preservative 500 times liquid. The above agents plus 2.4-D250ppm prepared as anti-corrosion preservative liquid.

2. Fruit treatment: Within 24 hours after fruit harvest, the fruit is soaked in antiseptic and preservative medicine for 1 minute, and dried.

3, fruit sweating (pre-storage): Fresh-keeping treatment of the fruit to be stored in a well-ventilated, clean, sterile storage in the sweating 3 to 5 days to the fruit no water beads, the skin can be slightly soft.

4. Single-fruit packaging: After sweating, apply fresh-keeping film bags or plastic wraps for single-fruit packaging, and then pack and basket to store to reduce fruit weight loss, water loss, dry skin and blue and green mold infection.

Third, simple storage method

The navel oranges are stored at a suitable temperature of 1 to 10°C and a relative humidity of 80% to 95%, requiring that the interior of the navel can maintain fresh air. The basic requirements for navel orange storage environment conditions, in the case of simple storage, some are difficult to do, but the navel orange is also flexible on the requirements of the storage environment conditions, on-site storage, local anti-corrosion treatment, fine and timely harvest, To a large extent, simple storage can achieve better results.

(I) Selection of storage sites

1. General storage: Use storage of navel oranges in private houses, old warehouses, or other places where they are unused. Ordinary warehouses or houses should be chosen to face the south, easy to ventilate and ventilate without sun, no direct sunlight, doors and windows to do the treasury. Before use, warehouses should be cleaned and fumigated with sulphur powder or sprayed with 40% formalin to close the windows for 48 hours. After opening the doors and windows for 3 to 5 days, the fruits should be stored in storage. More use of basket, box or stacking storage.

(1) Pack the fruit in boxes (baskets) and pile them according to the shape of the product. The height should be 1 meter away from the roof. Each room should have a 1.5-meter passage;

(2) Ground piles: The ground piles should not be thrown away and each pile is too large. Each pile should not exceed 0.5 tons, and the fruits should be packed in neat rows in the shape of the product. The maximum number is no more than 7 layers. Heap storage has the following methods:

a, pine needles: the fresh pine needles to dry to the semi-dry, in the ground first layer, and then put the fruit, so that a layer of pine needles piled up, each heap of fruit 0.5 tons, no more than 7 high. This method is conducive to the normal breathing of fruit to maintain quality.

b. River sand deposits: The river sand is washed and disinfected with antiseptics. After drying, it is piled with a layer of sand and the same effect as pine needles. The effect is the same as that of pine needles. Workman removed.

c. Indoor brick pool storage: In a dry indoor pool or with wooden panels to grow, the width is 100, 80 cm. When it is used, it must first be disinfected, and then the sun-dried and disinfected straw should be placed on the bottom of the padding, and the piles of fruit in the inside should be piled up in a pagoda shape with plenty of space around. Usually can be covered with plastic film or straw, do not cover tight.

2, plastic film tent storage: In a ventilated, dry place made of odorless colored plastic rectangular tent, which piled fruit, fruit crates or bare heaps. The ground should be dry, sterilized straw or pine needles, river sand, each heap 0.5 tons.

3, underground cave or cellar storage: cellar structure: cellar cellar mouth, pit neck, pit body, pit bottom, cover. The cellar mouth is 50 cm in diameter and the cellar neck is 50 cm long. Cylindrical, 10 cm above the ground to prevent rainwater from entering the cellar. The surface, mouth, and neck of the cellar are dampened with a mixture of concrete or cement. The depth of the cellar is 200 cm. The diameter of the cellar is 250 cm. It is a triangle.

Cellar storage: The old cellar and fruit box should be sterilized. After 5 days of disinfection, the fruit enters the pit. The fruit boxes (baskets) are used to hold the fruit into the cellar, and they are arranged in sequence on the cellar wall, stacking 3 to 5 layers, and the center leaves 100 to 120CM as the selected fruit space. After the fruit is put, cover the pit with slate. Each cellar can store 500 kilograms of fruit.

4, stay (hanging) tree preservation: the use of navel orange no significant peak in the process of maturation, a longer maturation period, the mature fruit can be left in the tree, harvested in batches. But do the following:

(1) Preventing fruit drop in winter: Mature fruit of navel orange is in the winter when the temperature gradually decreases, and the fruit pedicle is easy to form off the layer, resulting in fruit drop. In order to prevent this phenomenon, spraying 2.4-D of 20ppm at the end of October and beginning of November was carried out 3 times in succession. In addition, simultaneous spraying of 15 ppm gibberellin has the effect of preventing skin aging and delaying juice grain formation.

(2) Strengthen fertilizer and water management: Re-apply organic fertilizer in the middle and early October to protect fruits and promote flower bud differentiation. After fruit harvest, timely apply liquid fertilizer mainly based on fast-acting fertilizers. If it is dry in winter, it must be filled with water.

(3) Retention (hanging) tree term: Navel oranges should be harvested from the end of January to the end of February. When the temperature drops below zero, the fruit should be harvested.

(4) Avoid continuous operation. Generally speaking, it is better to leave the tree fresh for 2 years.

(B), storage management

1. Common storage: In the early stage of fruit storage, the temperature in the storage room is high and the humidity is high. The doors and windows should be opened all day for ventilation, cooling and dehumidification, low-temperature weather, warming during the daytime, and thermal insulation at night. In order to reduce the evaporation of fruit moisture, in the middle and late storage period, the fruit box is covered with a layer of plastic film. When water droplets appear on the peel or film, the film is removed and then covered. The fruit should be inspected once every 10 to 15 days after storage, picking out hurt, rotten, and fruit. After the beginning of spring, choose fruit once in 5~10 days.

2, plastic film tent storage: The main is to always check, when the wall of condensation on the account should be open when the tent ventilation and ventilation, avoid deterioration and decay of navel orange. Every 10 to 15 days to check the fruit selection once, pick out the wounded fruit, rotten fruit, and diseased fruit.

3. Storage in the kiln: After entering the pit, the fruit is inspected once every 7 to 10 days. The main reason is to check the rotting situation and exchange fresh air, so as to cool down in time. Water vapor should also be added at the beginning. When checking the rotten fruit, the staff must first blow air into the pit before entering the pit, remove the carbon dioxide, and then enter the pit. The water vapour is hung in the pit with a handful of rice straw, and the rice straw sucks enough water vapor to get wet and change to a dry straw. This kind of cellar storage navel orange for 6 months, the good fruit rate of up to 90%.

effect

1, Gannan navel orange is rich in vitamins, sugar, acid, cellulose, carotene, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, protein, fat and calcium, phosphorus, iron and other nutrients. Regular consumption of navel orange helps prevent arterial vascular hardening, lowers cholesterol, breaks down fat, excretes non-ferrous metals and radioactive elements, and deposits in the body. It helps prevent cancer and other diseases, promotes blood circulation and metabolism, restores physical strength, and enhances physical fitness. Protect your health.

2. Orange is rich in nutrients and contains all kinds of nutrients necessary for human body. According to the test, each 100ML fresh orange juice contains: 207 joules of heat, 0.9 g of protein, 0.2 g of fat, 203.9 mg of amino acid, 0.127 mg of vitamin A, and 10.10 mg of vitamin B. , Vitamin B20.03mg Vitamin C60mg, and rich in calcium, iron, phosphorus and other elements.

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