In recent years, the promotion of new varieties and the application of new technologies have led to a significant increase in vegetable production. However, in the process of planting, more and more diseases and insect pests have occurred. Many vegetable farmers have become more prone to diseases and insect pests. Pesticides are immediately hit by pesticides, and there are no pests and diseases. The use of preventive drugs, prevention of drug use and repeated use of drugs have caused farmers to spend a lot on pest control, which is not conducive to the production of pollution-free vegetables. Farmers can use the following six pollution-free planting techniques to reduce the incidence and reduce medication.

I. Insect protection network isolation technology

Insect network segregation means that the insect nets are completely covered around the roof and at the top of the greenhouse, or covered with film and shade nets at the top of the greenhouses, insect-proof nets are covered around the greenhouses, or tiled scaffolds covering an area of ​​several thousand square meters are fully covered by the insect-repellent nets. It is called an insect net room, and is isolated from the outside of the net so that larger pests (Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella, etc.) cannot enter the net and cause damage to vegetable crops. Through the use of insect-proof nets to cover cultivation, the amount of pesticides in vegetables can be reduced to a large extent, and the problem of safe intervals between successive picking vegetables can be solved, and the food safety of vegetables can be greatly improved.

In summer and autumn, leafy vegetables, fruits and vegetables, melons, and beans can all be covered with insect-repellent nets. The autumn seedlings of cabbages and solanaceous vegetables are in the high-temperature rainy season. Insect nets cover seedlings to reduce pests and diseases. The seedlings are protected from heavy rain, which reduces the loss of soil compaction and fertilizer in seedbeds and increases the rate of seedling establishment.

Second, swatch trapping technology

The swatch (yellow, blue plate) trapping technique is a technique for physically trapping insect pests by utilizing the characteristics that certain insect pests have strong tropism for yellow and blue. The main targets for prevention and treatment are cockroaches such as aphids, whiteflies, leafhoppers, and so on. They are also used for the purpose of spotting fly, seed fly, etc., and thrips. Yellow plates are commonly used for grazing lands and open fields to attract whitefly, spotted fly and aphids; blue plates are used to trap and kill thrips.

The technology is simple, and it can be used in both open field and facility cultivation, and it is more effective in facility cultivation. In general, 30 pieces of insect traps of 25 cm in length and 30 cm in length or 40 pieces of traps in 25 cm and 20 cm in diameter can be uniformly suspended per acre. According to tests, the yellow plate can reduce the population density of aphids by 20% to 40%. Insect swatches can not only kill a large number of adults, but also directly reduce pest damage. They can also make predictions and warnings on pests and determine the exact time for prevention and control.

Third, insect sex attractant technology

Insect sexual attractants trap and kill pests by slow release of artificial synthetic pheromone compounds in the core to the field, attracting male moths into traps, or using obsessive methods to make male moths unable to find female moths, thereby destroying their mating. Finally achieve the purpose of prevention and control.

The use of insect sex attractants to trap and kill pests can reduce the amount of eggs in the field, effectively control the occurrence of the next generation, reduce the number of field pesticides, reduce the amount of pesticides used, and at the same time be highly specific. No insects other than the target pest species The impact can better protect the population of natural enemies, better exert their control potential on pests, and improve the agricultural ecological environment. The technology can also be used for monitoring and early warning of target pests.

Fourth, insecticidal lamp trapping technology

Using the characteristics of insect pests such as phototaxis, wave-like, color-rendering, and tropism, the insecticidal light wave is set within a specific range, light is used at a short distance, waves are used at a long distance, and the sexual information generated by the pest itself is used to lure the adult mosquitoes into light. With a specially-designed high-voltage power grid contact, the pests fall into special insect bags to achieve the purpose of killing pests. At present, insecticide-killing lamps that are widely used in agricultural production are frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps.

The production of vegetables is generally lighted in mid-April, and light is withdrawn in early November. The turn-on time of the day is usually from 9 pm to 4 am the next day. Lights with a light control system can be automatically switched on and off according to the brightness of natural light. Generally, each insecticidal lamp has an effective area of ​​30 to 50 mu.

The promotion and application of insecticidal lamps can greatly reduce the number of insect populations in the field, reduce the use of chemical pesticides, and increase the safety of vegetable products.

V. Micro-irrigation technology

The use of micro-irrigation equipment assembled into a micro-irrigation system, the distribution of pressurized water to the field, through the irrigation device to wet the soil near the vegetable roots with a small flow of a local irrigation technology. In practical applications, there are mainly drip irrigation and micro irrigation. The intermittent supply of water in the form of droplets is called drip irrigation, and the form of water sprayed is called microspray irrigation. Drip irrigation can be used for tomato, eggplant, pepper, long melon, pumpkin, cucumber and other planting vegetables by row spacing; micro spray irrigation is suitable for cultivation of vegetables with high density and soft and delicate plants, such as cabbage, celery, edible fungus and other vegetables, can also be used for vegetables Nursery.

Micro-irrigation technology has the advantages of saving water, reducing energy consumption, increasing fertilizer utilization, reducing field humidity, reducing disease and field weeds, and promoting high quality and high yield of vegetables.

Six, "micro-storage micro-irrigation" technology

An efficient water-saving irrigation technology combining “micro-accumulation” and “micro-drip irrigation” is to use a reservoir to accumulate small water sources in the mountains, use the natural slope of the slope to generate water pressure, and transport water through plastic water pipes. In the field, drip irrigation pipes were used to deliver water evenly and accurately to the roots of the plants to form free-flow irrigation. The system effectively solves the problem of inconvenient electricity usage in mountainous areas, enabling drip irrigation systems to be used without electricity and without pumps, and is suitable for irrigation of vegetables on uneven terrain in mountainous regions, semi-mountainous regions, and hills.

The system not only has many functions such as irrigation, fertilization, water saving, and labor saving, but also can accumulate small waters that have lost white and white in the mountains and become valuable irrigable water resources, so that “small water and large use” can be achieved in mountainous areas. In the production, especially in the dry season, water shortages can play an important role in irrigation, effectively solve the irrigation problems of mountain vegetables, avoid the passive situation of drought-prone, and greatly increase the production capacity of mountain vegetables.

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