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High-yielding cultivation technology of pepper
(a) Requirements for environmental conditions: The requirements for the temperature of peppers are between the eggplant and eggplant. Seed germination temperature is 23 - 30C, below 1 5 °C can not germinate. Pepper seedlings require higher temperatures, low temperatures, and slow growth. The initial fruiting temperature is 20-25°C in the early day and 1 5- 20°C in the nighttime. During the result period, the soil temperature is too high, especially when the light is shining directly on the ground, which is detrimental to the root growth, and can easily cause toxins and sunburn. . Second, the main cultivars: At this stage the main cultivars are: 1. Xiangjiao No.6; a provincial-certified variety, a hybrid generation. Precocious, high yield, high quality, and disease resistance. Low temperature at seedling stage, more compact plant type, suitable for dense planting, long horny, green and shiny, moderate spicy, good commercial quality, single fruit weight 30--32 grams, seed grain weight 6-7 grams, per mu yield 2000 - 3000 kg. 2. Xiangjiao No.7: a provincial-certified variety, a hybrid generation, special early maturity, high yield, high quality, and disease resistance. Low temperature at seedling stage, plant type compact suitable for close planting. There are many early fruits, early listing, and good economic returns. The fruit is long lantern type, with large and thick fruit, and high quality. Fruit green, fruit weight 38 grams, seed weight 6.6 grams, 2000--2500 kg per acre yield. 3. Hexi Niujiaojiao: Locally grown, medium-maturing, heat-tolerant, drought-tolerant and widely adaptable. Fruit horn shape, green tender fruit, red ripe fruit, about 22.7 grams of single fruit weight, medium spicy, thick meat quality, both fresh and processed. The yield per mu is about 2000 kg. 4. Xiangjiao No.12: Provincially-reviewed variety, hybrid generation, middle and late maturity, high yield, high quality, disease resistance, heat resistance, moisture resistance, fresh food processing and use. Plant height 62 cm, plant type compact, more branches, long horny fruit, spicy medlar medium. Fruit green, dark red ripe fruit, good quality, beautiful appearance, excellent product quality. The average output per mu is 2700-3500 kg. 5. Chicken intestine pepper: well-known local thoroughbred. Late mature, high yield, high quality, wide applicability. Slender and curved fruit, named after chicken intestines. Heat and drought resistance. The fruit has less water content and is very spicy. It is mainly processed into red or dry pepper powder. Yield per mu 1200--1500 kg. 6. Chaotianjiao: Plant height 125 cm, fruit orchard cone, fruit length 8.27 cm, diameter 0.9 cm. Stem upward, fruit surface smooth, spicy and strong. More processing dry pepper export. Drought-resistant, disease-resistant, suitable for mountain cultivation. Late maturity, yield of about 1,000 kilograms per mu. (III) Cultivation Techniques 1. Soil preparation and basal fertilization: Chili pepper bogey, and can not be connected with eggplant, tomatoes, potatoes, tobacco and other crops. Cultivation of pepper plots requires good drainage, irrigation and irrigation, and requires deep plowing. It is best to do winter plowing and leisurely freezing soil to improve the soil and eliminate overwintering pests and pathogen spores. Before planting and then soil preparation, the topsoil still maintains a large soil, so as to make it breathable and refreshing, it has a good effect on preventing falling flowers, falling camps and falling leaves. The requirements of Changsha vegetable growers for cultivating hot peppers are "deep sorghum and smashing old pedestals; the earth is flat and its flow is smooth." The width is generally l.3-1.7 meters (even ditch), planting 2--3 lines. There are also 2.3-2.7 meters wide and planted horizontally on the pole. At the same time, for each planting, 50-80 lbs. per acre of cooked manure, 15 kg of superphosphate, and 25 kg of ash as base fertilizer. 2. Sowing seedlings: The method of seedling seedlings in a small plastic arch is introduced as follows: 1 Seedbed selection: The seedbed should be selected from the north to the south, with high dryness and good water, and convenient water source, and no plot for solanaceous crops has been planted. 2 Seedbed preparation: The seedbed is best to dig deep-buried soil on the day of the volatilization, splashing a layer of human and animal dung on it, drying it, and covering it with a film to prevent loss of fertilizer during the rain. 3 Seeding: bed soil before sowing is fully wet, fine and flat. Seedbed width is generally 1.5-1.7 meters is appropriate. Generally do not soak germination. Early maturing generally sowing in January, late-maturing seeds are usually sown from February to March, planting an acre to be sown 75-120 grams. After sowing, the seeds are planted with fine earth mixed with old ash or coal ash, and the thickness is about 2 cm. Then, after watering, collect the water and cover with a plastic film. Finally, use a thin bamboo basket or bamboo sheet to form a small arch, about 0.5 meters high, cover the film and compact the north side of the film with mud to facilitate wind protection. On both sides with a brick pressure as well, so that at any time to remove the film, ventilation. 4 Seedbed management: After sowing until emergence, generally do not need to manage, found that the emergence of seedlings, to immediately remove the plastic film, otherwise the formation of tall seedlings. After the emergence, the film was opened at 9:00 a.m. on sunny days and still covered with film at 4:00. Rainy days also need to be as airy as possible. It was found that the bed soil was white, and the seedlings were wilting. Watering was required. The watering time must be at 9:00 a.m. Two hours after watering, check again. If it is found that some parts are still dry, make up the water and make the seedlings grow in the same way. Rainy days and freezing days should not be watered. Otherwise, due to the excessive humidity, the bed temperature will decrease and diseases will occur easily. In snowy weather, the grass window can be covered, and a layer of film can be covered on the grass window. It is also possible to install electric lights in the bed to prevent cold and protect the seedlings. 5 rows of seedlings: In order to make the seedlings thick, the root system is developed, when the seedlings appear two true leaves, need to be planted once, spacing 6-10cm, row spacing 12-15cm, side row watering to prevent seedlings wilting, row seedbed Preparation, requirements and management are all similar to the sowing beds. 3. Colonization: The colonization of pepper is suitable for soil temperature above 15°C. Premature colonization is due to low soil temperature, slow growth, and falling flowers, which can not reach the goal of premature ripening. Planting distance, early-maturing varieties spacing 40-50 cm, plant spacing 26-33 cm, l-2 per hole, late-maturing varieties spacing 66-73 cm, spacing 50-60 cm, 1 per hole. Choose clear afternoon planting. The morning of the seedbed needs to be watered to facilitate the pulling of seedlings. 4. Field management: 1 Cultivating and weeding: After planting and survival, timely cultivating once. The plants began to grow and focused on cultivating once. Plants are ploughed once before they are sealed. The cultivator combines weeding and earth-cultivation. 2 fertilizer and water management: after planting to grab the sun catching up the planting seedlings fertilizer, each dose can not be too much or too thick, or easily lead to long, delayed flowering results. After waiting for the first and second layers of fruit, more fertilizers must be applied to promote the growth of the fruits. After the fruit is picked, the soil is required to have sufficient water to allow the plant to grow normally and the result. If the heavy rain falls before the soil is dry after watering, the phenomenon of defoliation and dead planting will be quite common, especially during the period between the upswing and the beginning of the fall. Therefore, when irrigating, it must be determined according to the weather forecast. The depth of irrigation is not more than three-quarters of the ditch, and should be performed at night or in the early morning, and the emergency irrigated. 3 Pest control: Bleeding-falling disease: mainly occurs in the seedling stage, and the diseased seedlings begin to be water-stained near the soil surface. Afterwards, the chlorosis turns yellow and the diseased part shrinks as the line causes folding, but the leaves are still bright green. Garden bed due to overheating. Sprinkle ash or dry fine soil to reduce the temperature. Or spray chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times. Botrytis cinerea: It is also a mildew that grows on the stems and leaves at the seedling stage. Mainly to strengthen the bed ventilation, and spray 600-800 times thiophanate fluid. Anthracnose and scab disease: Both of these diseases occur during the result period, mainly affecting the leaves, forming lesions and causing a lot of fallen leaves. With mancozeb 500 times spray, spraying every 5-7 days, even spray three times. White feather disease: commonly known as mold pockets. At the beginning of the disease, pentachloronitrobenzene 0.5 kilograms fine soil 25 kilograms was used. The spread of the stem around the stem was scattered once every 7-10 days. The effect was good. Hippophae: use the enemy to kill 1000 times liquid spray, or use speed kill killing, dipterex spray can be sprayed once every 7-10 days. Ye Yan: It is a very small white bug that damages the leaves. With dicofol 800 times spray, spray once every 7 days, the effect is very good. 5. Harvesting and Seeding: As fresh food, most harvesting greens can also harvest red fruits. As dried chili, red ripe fruit must be harvested and harvested in a timely manner, otherwise it will affect plant growth and results. The method of selecting the combined planting and harvesting strains in combination with the fruit selection method is to select the standard plant according to the cultivar characteristics in the field and apply the mark as a retained seed strain. The first layer of fruit will be harvested and marketed as soon as possible, leaving 2-4 layers of fruit as the fruit, and when the red fruit is harvested, the fruit with the characteristics of the variety will be further selected, and the picked fruit will be spread in the shade and then Cook for 5-7 days, cut open the seeds, dry them and store them.